Draft operational guidelines of digital india land records modernization programme (dilrmp) introduction

9. SURVEY/RE-SURVEY AND UPDATION OF SURVEY & SETTLEMENT RECORDS
All committed liabilities and ongoing sanctioned works under survey / re-survey may be implemented out of the unutilized funds available with States/UTs as on 31.03.2017. In no case, any new activity under this head would be carried out from DILRMP funds. Efforts may be undertaken to ensure that unspent balance at the State level/IA level are reduced to the optimum extent possible through “just-in-time” release of funds through PFMS platform.
9.1 India has about 6,40,867 villages (as per 2011 Census). Most of the villages were surveyed and corresponding village (cadastral) maps were prepared at 1:4,000 to 1:10,000 scales during late 19^th and early 20^th century. However, where original cadastral survey is yet to take place, the States/UTs will need to draft the laws/manuals/guidelines for the purpose, and Government of India would be willing to extend necessary help in this regard.
9.2 The cadastral survey of an area which has already been surveyed earlier is known as Resurvey. This may be required under the following circumstances:

• 
  When the framework of survey in field has completely broken down. In such cases, the boundaries shown in the records do not tally with the actual conditions on the ground. This may happen due to obliteration of field and sub-division of boundaries and/or due to misplacement of a large percentage of the local ground control point markers, as a result of which it is difficult to identify the fields with reference to the records.
  
• 
  Resurvey is also necessary in the case of sudden development of the area due to causes such as:
  

• 
  Sub-divisions
  
• 
  Transfer of dry lands into wetlands
  
• 
  Large scale transfer of holdings
  

9.3 Factors influencing the mode of survey/re-survey: In place of the conventional, chain survey, plane table survey and theodolite methods of survey, modernized technology in the form of Total Station (TS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) are now available. The selection of technology for cadastral survey depends upon several factors as shown in Flow Chart No.1 in Chapter-2, Model-I of the Technical Manual. These are enumerated below:

• 
  Terrain conditions (hilly, undulating, plain)
  
• 
  Vegetative cover (dense, sparse)
  
• 
  Built-up areas
  
• 
  Size of survey area
  
• 
  Accuracy
  
• 
  Timeliness
  
• 
  Cost