Earth Science Reference Handbook [ Missions: Aura ] 101
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- Is the Stratospheric Ozone Layer Recovering
- What are the Processes Controlling Air Quality
- How is Earth’s Climate Changing
Earth Science Reference Handbook [ Missions: Aura ] 109
TES measures tropospheric ozone and many other gases important to tropospheric pollution. The presence of clouds in the atmosphere makes obtaining satellite tropospheric chemical observations more difficult, but the ability to make observations in the nadir and across the limb circumvents this problem. This observation capabil- ity provides measurements of the entire lower atmosphere, from the surface to the stratosphere. TES Contributions to Science Questions Is the Stratospheric Ozone Layer Recovering? TES limb measurements extend from Earth’s surface to the middle stratosphere, and the TES spectral range overlaps the spectral range of HIRDLS. As a result, TES’s high–resolution spectra allow scientists to make measure- ments of some additional stratospheric constituents and also improve HIRDLS measurements of species common to both instruments. What are the Processes Controlling Air Quality? This is TES’s primary focus. It measures the distribution of gases in the troposphere. TES can provide simultane- ous measurements of tropospheric ozone and key gases involved in tropospheric ozone chemistry, such as CH 4 , HNO 3 and CO. This information will serve as input for regional ozone–pollution models and will help to improve the accuracy and utility of these models. How is Earth’s Climate Changing? TES measures tropospheric water vapor, methane, ozone and aerosols, all of which are relevant to climate change. In addition to this, other gases important to climate change can be retrieved from the TES spectra. Reinhard Beer, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Califor- TES URL tes.jpl.nasa.gov/ Aura References Schoeberl, M. R., A. R. Douglass, and E. Hilsenrath, eds., 2006: Special Issue on the EOS Aura Mission. IEEE
HIRDLS References Barnett, J. J., A. G. Darbyshire, C. L. Hepplewhite, C. W. P. Palmer, F. Row, P. Venters, R. E. J. Watkins, J. G. Whitney, J. C. Gille, and B. R. Johnson, 1998: Pre–launch calibration of the HIRDLS instrument. SPIE, 3437, 137–146. Barnett, J. J., P. Venters, and J. C. Gille, 1998: Direct measurement of geopotential height by the HIRDLS instrument. Adv. Space Res., 22, 1497–1500. Dials, M. A., J. C. Gille, J. J. Barnett, and J. G. Whitney, 1998: Description of the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) instrument. SPIE, 3437, 84–91. Edwards, D., J. Gille, P. Bailey, and J. Barnett, 1995: Se- lection of the sounding channels for the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder. Appl. Optics, 34, 7006–7017. Gille, J., and J. Barnett, 1992: The High–Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS). An instrument for the study of global change, in J. Gille and G. Visconti, eds., The Use of EOS for Studies of Atmospheric Physics, North–Holland, 433–450. Gille, J., J. Barnett, M. Coffey, W. Mankin, B. Johnson, M. Dials, J. Whitney, D. Woodard, P. Arter, and W. Rudolf, 1994: The High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) for the Earth Observing System. SPIE, 2266, 330–339.
Gille, J., and J. Barnett, 1996: Conceptual design of the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) for the EOS Chemistry Mission. SPIE, 2830, 190–201. Johnson, B. R., W. G. Mankin, and J. C. Gille, 1998: De- scription of the HIRDLS Radiometric Model (HIRAM).
Palmer, C., and J. Whitney, 1996: The radiometric cali- bration budget for the High–Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 13, 336–348. Earth Science Reference Handbook 110 [ Missions: Aura ] Li, Q. B., J. H. Jiang, D. L. Wu, W. G. Read, N. J. Livesey, J. W. Waters, Y. Zhang, B. Wang, M. J. Filipiak, C. P. Davis, S. Turquety, S. Wu, R. J. Park, R. M. Yantosca, and D. J. Jacob, 2005: Convective outflow of South Asian pollution: A global CTM simulation compared with EOS MLS observations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32 (14), L14826, doi:10.1029/2005GL022762. Limpasuvan, V., D. L. Wu, M. J. Schwartz, J. W. Waters, Q. Wu, and T. L. Killeen, 2005: The two-day wave in EOS MLS temperature and wind measurements during 2004–2005 winter. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L17809, doi:10.1029/2005GL023396.
Livesey, N. J., W. V. Snyder, W. G. Read, and P. A. Wagner, 2006: Retrieval algorithms for the EOS Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44, 1144–1155. Manney, G. L., N. J. Livesey, C. J. Jimenez, H. C. Pum- phrey, M. L. Santee, I. A. MacKenzie, and J. W. Waters, 2006: EOS Microwave Limb Sounder Observations of ‘frozen-in’ anticyclone air in Arctic summer. Geophys.
Manney, G. L., M. L. Santee, L. Froidevaux, K. Hoppel, N. J. Livesey, and J. W. Waters, 2006: EOS MLS observations of ozone loss in the 2004–2005 Arctic winter. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L04892, doi:10.1029/2005GL024494. Manney, G. L., M. L. Santee, N. J. Livesey, L. Froidevaux, W. G. Read, H. C. Pumphrey, J. W. Waters, and S. Pawson, 2005: EOS Microwave Limb Sounder observations of the Antarctic polar vortex breakup in 2004. Geophys. Res.
Pickett, H. M., 2006: Microwave Limb Sounder THz Module on Aura. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44, 1122–1130. Pickett, H. M., B. J. Drouin, T. Canty, L. J. Kovalenko, R. J. Salawitch, N. J. Livesey, W. G. Read, J. W. Waters, K. W. Jucks, and W. A. Traub, 2006: Validation of Aura MLS HO
x measurements with remote-sensing balloon in- struments. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L01808, doi:10.1029/ 2005GL024442. Pumphrey, H. C., C. J. Jimenez, and J. W. Waters, 2006: Measurement of HCN in the middle atmosphere by EOS MLS. Geophys. Res. Lett., in press. Read, W. G., Z. Shippony, M. J. Schwartz, N. J. Livesey, and W. V. Snyder, 2006: The clear-sky unpolarized forward model for the EOS Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44, 1367–1379. MLS References Canty, T., H. M. Pickett, R. J. Salawitch, K. W. Jucks, W. A. Traub, and J. W. Waters, 2006: Stratospheric and mesospheric HO x : Results from Aura MLS and FIRS–2. Geophys. Res. Lett., in press.
Cofield, R. E., and P. C. Stek, 2006: Design and field- of-view calibration of 114–660 GHz optics of the Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44, 1166–1181. Cuddy, D. T., M. Echeverri, P. A. Wagner, A. Hanzel, and R. A. Fuller, 2006: EOS MLS science data processing sys- tem: A description of architecture and capabilities. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44, 1192–1198. Davis, C. P., D. L. Wu, C. Emde, J. H. Jiang, R. E. Cofield, and R. S. Harwood, 2005: Cirrus induced po- larization in 122 GHz Aura Microwave Limb Sounder Radiances. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L14806, doi:10.1029/ 2005GL022681. Filipiak, M. J., R. S. Harwood, J. H. Jiang, Q. Li, N. J. Livesey, G. L. Manney, W. G. Read, M. J. Schwartz, J. W. Waters, and D. L. Wu, 2005: Carbon monoxide measured by the EOS Microwave Limb Sounder on Aura: First results. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L14825, doi:1029/2005GL022765. Froidevaux, L., N. J. Livesey, W. G. Read, Y. B. Jiang, C. Jimenez, et al., 2006: Early validation analyses of atmo- spheric profiles from EOS MLS on the Aura satellite. IEEE
Fu, R., Y. Hu, J. S. Wright, J. H. Jiang, R. E. Dickinson, M. Chen, M. Filipiak, W. G. Read, J. W. Waters, and D. L. Wu, 2006: Short circuit of water vapor and polluted air to the global stratosphere by convective transport over the Tibetan Plateau. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 103, 5664–5669.
Jarnot, R. F., V. S. Perun, and M. J. Schwartz, 2006: Ra- diometric and spectral performance and calibration of the GHz bands of EOS MLS. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44, 1131–1143.
Li, J.-L., D. E. Waliser, J. H. Jiang, D. L. Wu, W. G. Read, J. W. Waters, A. M. Tompkins, L. J. Donner, J.-D. Chern, W.-K. Tao, R. Atlas, Y. Gu, K. N. Liou, A. Del Genio, M. Khairoutdinov, and A. Gettelman, 2005: Comparisons of EOS MLS cloud ice measurements with ECMWF analy- ses and GCM simulations: Initial results. Geophys. Res.
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