Incorporating languages
Incorporating languages are considered to be a unique type. Feature of this
type of languages illustrated in the fact that a sentence is constructed as a complex
word, that is, root words are combined into one general whole, which has a form
of a word and a sentence at the same time. The whole is a sentence word, where
the beginning is the subject, the end is the predicate, and the objects are
incorporated in the middle with their definitions and circumstances. The main
way to express grammatical relationships in them is incorporation. Incorporated
languages include Paleo-Asian,
Chukchi-Kamchatka languages, languages
Indians of North America and some other languages. For example, in the Chukchi
language sentence
t-i-kaa-nm-at-i-rkin (I am killing the deer)
consists of two
roots (-
kaa-
deer and -
nm-
kill), two connective vowels -
i-
, first person singular
t-
and suffixes -at- (suffix of verb action) and
-rkin
(verb suffix of the present
tense). Literally this sentence can be translated as
my deer killing: I + deer + kill
+ now
.
It should be noted that sometimes incorporating languages may have
agglutinative and inflectional features too. Chukchi language as incorporative
language is accompanied by agglutinative prefixation as well. They come closer
to agglutinating according to the principle of combining morphemes, and with
flexing – by the presence of internal inflection. Many languages are intermediate
in morphological classification scale, combining signs of different types, for
example, the languages of Oceania are characterized as amorphous-agglutinative.
Dostları ilə paylaş: 
