Ernest hemingway the writer of the lost generation course work

1.5. The works of the writers of a «Lost Generation» 
In the 1920's a new group enters the literature, the idea of which is 
associated with the image of the «lost generatio». They are young people who have 
been on the fronts of the First World, shocked by cruelty, unable to enter the track 
of life in the post-war period. They got their name from the phrase attributed to G. 
Stein «That is what you are. That's what you all are ... all of you young people who 
served in the war. You are a lost generation». The origins of the worldview of this 
informal literary group lie in a sense of frustration with the course and outcome of 
the First World War. Writers of the «lost generation» have some features: 
1) skepticism about progress, pessimism, akin the "lost" with the modernists, 
but not signifying the identity of ideological and aesthetic aspirations; 
2) the image of war from the standpoint of naturalism is combined with the 
inclusion of experience in the channel of human experience. The war appears 
either as a reality, full of repulsive details, or as an importunate remembrance that 
takes away the psyche that interferes with the transition to a peaceful life; 
3) the painful comprehension of loneliness; 
4) the search for a new ideal - first of all in terms of artistic skill: tragic 
mood, the theme of self-knowledge, lyrical tension; 
5) the ideal is in disappointment, the illusion of "a nightingale song through 
the wild voice of catastrophes; 

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6) picturesque style; 
7) the heroes of the works are individualists who are not alien to higher 
values (sincere love, loyal friendship). The experience of the heroes is a bitterness 
of comprehension of one's own «knockout», which, however, does not mean a 
choice in favor of other ideologies. The heroes are apolitical: «participation in the 
social struggle is preferred to the departure into the realm of illusions, intimate, 
profoundly personal experiences» [8]. 
Ernest Miller Hemingway (1899-1961) is American journalist, Nobel 
laureate, participant of the First World War. He wrote little about America: the 
novel «The Sun Also Rises» takes place in Spain and France; «А Farewell to 
Arms» - in Italy; «The Old Man and The Sea» - in Cuba. The main motive of his 
work is loneliness. Hemingway-writer is distinguished by the following features: 
1) non- print style, which is an influence of journalistic experience: 
laconism, detail accuracy, lack of text adornments; 
2) careful work on the composition. There is examined an insignificant at 
first glance event, behind which stands the human drama. It often takes a piece of 
life «without beginning and end» (the influence of impressionism); 
3) creation of a realistic picture of the postwar period: the description of the 
conditions of reality is given with the help of verbs of movement, by turning to 
sensory perception of reality; 
4) using Chekhov's manner of emotional influence on the reader: author's 
intonation in combination with the implication, what Hemingway called «the 
principle of the iceberg» - «if the writer knows well what he writes about, he can 
omit much of what he knows, and if he writes truthfully, the reader will feel 
everything omitted as strongly as if the writer had said this. Each word has a 
hidden meaning, so any piece of text can be omitted, but the overall emotional 
impact will continue» [11]. An example of such a reception is the novel «Cat in the 
Rain»; 
5) external and internal dialogues, when the characters exchange 
insignificant phrases, are ragged and random, but the reader feels behind these 

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words something hidden deeply in the consciousness of the heroes (something that 
cannot always be expressed directly); 
6) the hero is in a duel with himself; 
The novel «A Moveable Feast» is pessimistic; it is also called «the 
manifesto of the early Hemingway». The main idea of the novel is the superiority 
of man in his quest for life, despite his uselessness at the celebration of life. The 
thirst for love and the rejection of love is the Stoic code. The main issue is the «art 
of living» under the new conditions. Life is a carnival. The main symbol is the 
bullfight and the art of the matador - the answer to the question «how to live?». 
The anti-war novel «Farewell to Arms» depicts the path of insight into the 
hero who runs away from the war without thinking, without thinking, because he 
simply wants to live. The philosophy of «finding is in losses» is shown on the 
example of the fate of one person.
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Francis Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) is a writer who embodies the beginning 
of the «Jazz Age», the values of the younger generation, where youth, pleasure and 
carefree gaiety were brought to the foreground. The heroes of the early works were 
in many ways identified by the reader and critics with the author himself (as the 
embodiment of the American dream), so the serious novels «The Great Gatsby» 
(1925) and «Tender is the Night» (1934) remained misunderstood, as they became 
a kind of debunking the myth of the American dream in the country of equal 
opportunities. 
Although in general the work of the writer fits within the framework of 
classical literature, Fitzgerald was one of the first in American literature to develop 
the principles of lyrical prose. Lyrical prose involves romantic symbols, the 
universal meaning of works, and attention to the movements of the human soul. 
The writer himself has been influenced for a long time by the myth of the 
American dream, so the motif of wealth is central to the novels. 
Fitzgerald's stylistics suggests the following features: 
7
HEMINGWAY, E. 1964. A Moveable Feast. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. p. 29. USA

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1) the artistic method of "double vision" - in the process of narration reveals 
the contrast, the combination of opposites; 
2) using the reception of the comedy of morals: the hero is absurd, a little 
unreal; 
3) the motif of loneliness, alienation (in many respects going back to 
romanticism, which existed until the end of the 19th century.) – Gatsby does not fit 
into the environment, both externally (habits, language), and internally (retains 
love, moral values); 
4) unusual composition. The novel begins with a climax. Although at first it 
was supposed to appeal to the hero's childhood; 
5) the image of Gatsby is realistic. The author reflects, explaining the 
combination of the idealist and the vulgar person of the «Jazz Age»; 
6) the idea that a man of the 20th century, with his torn consciousness and 
chaos of being, should live in harmony with moral truth 

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