Features of phraseological units in english and issues of their translation

Phraseological unities are much more numerous .They are partially non- motivated word-groups because their meaning can be usually guessed from the meaning of its components through the metaphorical meaning of the whole phraseological unit . For instance : to stick ( to stand ) to one’s guns – to refuse to change one’s statements or opinions in the face of opposition , implying courage and integrity ; A hard nut to crack – a person or thing that is difficult to understand or influence .
Phraseological fusions are completely non -motivated word-groups .The meaning of the whole in phraseological fusions cannot be understood at least synchronically from the meaning of the words that constitutes the fusion . They are unique and specific in every language and do not lend themselves to literal translation into other languages and always require using a dictionary. We may give the following phraseological fusions as examples ; A red tape - bureaucratic methods ; a heavy father - serious or solemn part in a theatrical play ; to kick the bucket – to die ; tit for tat – to talk about something face to face
Phraseological combinations are partially motivated word –groups since their meaning can be easily deduced from the components of phraseological collocations by literal translation . They contain one component used in its direct meaning while the other is used figuratively : break a rule ,break a law , break a promise . In this group of phraseological units some substitutions are possible which do not destroy the meaning of metaphoric element .In these expressions the words : rule , law ,promise are used in their direct meanings ,while the meaning of the verb break is kept intact and used metaphorically , i.e. partially motivated to: come to power ;to make it a rule ;to take one’s seat ;to attain success ;to meet the requirements.[4]
In conclusion , Phraseology is a complex phenomenon that requires special attention of translators , since phraseological units are not simple phrases with free meanings of components , and when translating them , one may encounter a number of difficulties. Using phraseological units in our oral or written speech colors our thoughts ,ideas and opinions and also reflects the nation cultural linguistic features.
REFERENCES
1А,В,Бондар.Особенности перевода фразеологических единиц с английского языка на русский . воронежский государственний университет
2.Victoria Subbotina (2012) Akdeniz Language Studies Conference. Challenges of translating phraseological units .Procedia –social and Behavioral Sciences 70 (2013) 1487 -1492.
3.https://portal.tpu.ru.Lecture5.Phraseology.
4.Abdurasulov. N.N. The classification of the phraseological units. Middle European Scientific Bulletin.2021.