FINANCE: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Vol. 26, No. 2’2022
FINANCETP.FA.RU
77
implement innovation projects in practice.
However, in accordance with the dynamics
of the actual level of innovation activity of
companies in the context of
industries, which
was mentioned above, the authors cannot note
the effectiveness and consistency of the state
policy pursued.
In addition, when developing a model
of financial incentives for innovation in
industries, the authors also take into account
the identified obstacles that are of great
importance in modern conditions: the lack of
equity in companies, and the rather high costs
of implementing innovation projects, the
presence of financial risk of loss of solvency of
the enterprise, as well as the lack of budgetary
financing of innovations and state material
support [1].
At
the same time, under the model of
financial incentives for areas of innovation
in industries, the authors understand a
functional system
that includes several
separate but interconnected areas (financial,
integration and industry) that make it possible
to identify the possibility of achieving an
economic effect from the introduction of
innovation projects into practice. Therefore,
the purpose of creating a model of financial
incentives is to develop such a mechanism,
which is based on the relationship between
financial, integration, and industry directions
(
Table
1
).
In addition to the relationship between
financial, integration and industry areas, the
model of financial incentives for innovation
activities in industries should take into
account the property of complexity, due
to the above-mentioned conditions for a
significant increase in innovation activity.
Under the complex model of financial
incentives for
innovation activities in
industries, the author understands a
functional
system that includes areas
(financial, integration and industry),
practice-oriented tools, namely: commercial,
budgetar y, partnership,
competitive,
regulatory and cooperative, which contribute
to the activation of innovation processes
in the Russian business environment in
the context of the adoption of an effective,
consistent policy of state regulation (
Fig. 1
).
The above structure of the developed
model of financial incentives for innovation
in industries is due to several goals.
Firstly, companies operating in industrial
sectors will be able to increase investment
potential through the interaction of the
three components of the model: directions,
consistent, effective government policies,
and forms of financing. Secondly, the growth
of investment
potential can become a
prerequisite for the active import of digital
technologies that allow the transformation
of domestic production. Thirdly, in order to
expand the markets for innovative products,
foreign financing should be attracted, which
will be carried out through the practical
application of the developed model. Fourthly,
the volume of ongoing operations to finance
innovation projects will increase to a certain
extent due to the expansion of forms of
financing.
Currently, it is necessary to reflect the
essence of each significant element in the
structure of the developed model of financial
incentives for innovation in industries. There
are four forms of financing of innovation
projects: budgetary, loan, investment, and
financing within the framework of a public-
private partnership project (hereinafter
referred to as PPP). Definitely, the forms of
financing innovations can be different, but
the authors of the article proceed from the fact
that during 2018–2020 the share of budget
financing did not exceed 17%, and the funds
for innovative facilities infrastructure and
foreign funds are rather small in the costs of
companies operating in industrial sectors. At
the same time, the share of own financing of
innovation projects exceeds 60% [11]. The
insufficiently active use of regulatory spheres
to stimulate innovation should be noted,
which also had a negative impact on the
current situation.
Taking into
account the fact that the
financial support of innovation projects
in the industry should be sufficient in
terms of volume, the study of the author
S. A. Manshilin, A. F. Leshchinskaya