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Luiz Felipe Bruzzi Curi_Danilo Barolo Martins de Lima
present an interpretation of the historical process that
was coherent with his industrialist project, we can
infer from his participation in the 1935 debate elements
constituent of a particular economic thought, marked
by the defense of protectionism and by the idea that the
historical evolution of the Brazilian economy pointed
necessarily towards its industrialization. We believe that
the identification of these features of Simonsen’s thought,
anchored as it was in debates taking place then in Brazil
as well as in the international intellectual scene, may
contribute to the construction of a history of Brazilian
economic thought.
Notas
1
See, for example, Bruzzi Curi
and Saes (2015).
2
“Developmentalism”
(desenvolvimentismo, in
Portuguese) is understood
here as an ideology of social
transformation based on
integral industrialization and
on the idea that it would not
be possible to achieve this
industrialization through market
forces. This definition is given by
Bielschowsky (2000).
3
On this controversy, see Bruzzi
Curi and Cunha (2015).
4
On Simonsen’s life and his
works, see Lima (1976);
Bielschowsky (2000); Dias (2001)
and Cepêda (2003).
5
For a concise, general
description of this period of
Brazilian history, in English, see
Fausto (2014, pp. 186-230). The
7
Clause that was common to
trade agreements of liberalizing
nature. It required that each
signatory country gave each other
a tax treatment no less favorable
than that reserved for products
of any other country with which
it had trade relations, regardless
of existing treaties with those
other nations. It tends to promote
multilateral trade.
8
For an analysis of the overall
political and economic picture
of the interwar period, see
Hobsbawm (1994, p. 21-141).
9
See: Decree N. 542, 1935.
10
The text read by Simonsen in
Parliament was actually an essay
he prepared, having published it
both in Portuguese and in English
in 1935. So there are three sources
from which Simonsen’s speech
can be read: the transcription
available in the Annals of the
Chamber of Deputies (vol. XVI,
1935
), the edition of the essay
“Aspectos de política econômica
nacional” in Portuguese and its
English translation “Aspects of
national political economy”, both
from 1935. In order to privilege
the source most accessible to
the English-speaking reader, all
the quotations here refer to the
English version.
11
On the selective reading of
List’s ideas by Latin American
industrialists, see Boianovsky
(2013).
12
See Burdeau (2013).
historiography dealing with the
Treaty of 1935 and its economic
and political context include:
Hilton (1975); Gambini (1977); Diniz
(1978); Moura (1980); Abreu (1990
and 1999); Leopoldi (2000); Barreto
(2001, pp. 87-164) and Cervo &
Bueno (2001, pp. 253-258).
6
The so called “clearance trade
agreements” were characterized
by the substitution of the use
of foreign currency in trade
relations. In both countries
involved, “compensation accounts”
are created. Importers of a given
country, in order to buy from
the other, transfer their debts
to this “account” in the form of
credits. Exporters, then, are paid
in the form of such credits, in
their national currency. This is a
trading method that tends to lock
the partners in bilateral trade.
13
See Schumpeter (1981 [1954], pp .
481
-485). For the fac-similar reprint
of the orignal German version see
Rodbertus (1971 [1854]) and for the
French translation see Rodbertus
(1904).
14
For Simonsen’s opinions on
economic growth and income
distribution, see his text
“Objetivos da Engenharia Nacional”
in Simonsen (1945).
15
These include the
aforementioned “Das Kapital”
and also “Sendschreiben an den
Arbeiterkongress während der
Londonder Industrieausstellung”
(“Letter sent to the Congress
of Workers during the London
Industrial Exhibition”), published
in 1862 and re-edited by Wagner
in 1899.
16
See Schumpeter (1981 [1854], pp.
818
-819) and for the foundation
and development of the Verein für
Sozialpolitik see Hagemann (2001).
17
See Pericás (2010).
18
See Eichengreen (2008).
19
See Saes (2009).
Roberto Simonsen and the Brazil-U.S. Trade Agreement of 1935
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498
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Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank
Victor Bertocchi for the valuable
support and Pedro Hoeper Dacanal
for carefully reading the draft.
The usual disclaimers apply.
E-mail de contato dos autores:
luizfelipelfbc@gmail.com
danilobml@hotmail.com
Artigo recebido em dezembro de 2013
e aprovado em março de 2015.
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