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Annual Report on USMLE to Medical Licensing Authorities in the U.S. | 2017
Step 1 assesses whether a candidate understands and can apply important concepts of the sciences
basic to
the practice of medicine, with special emphasis on principles and mechanisms underlying
health, disease and modes of therapy. Step 2 assesses whether the candidate can apply medical
knowledge, skills and understanding of clinical science essential for providing patient care under
supervision. This includes an emphasis on health promotion, disease prevention and basic patient-
centered skills (e.g., information-gathering, physician examination, communication). Step 3 assesses
whether the candidate can apply medical knowledge and understanding of biomedical and clinical
science essential for the unsupervised practice of medicine with emphasis on patient management in
ambulatory settings. More detail on content specifications for each USMLE Step is provided
at
www.usmle.org
.
The Step 1 examination has 280 multiple-choice test items, divided into seven 60-minute blocks,
administered
in a one-day, eight-hour testing session. The Step 2 CK examination has 318 multiple-
choice test questions, divided into eight 60-minute blocks, administered in a one-day, nine-hour testing
session. The Step 2 CS examination has 12 standardized patient cases, administered in a one-day
testing session of approximately eight hours. Examinees have 15 minutes for each patient encounter
and 10 minutes to record each patient note. The Step 3 examination has 415 multiple-choice test items,
divided into blocks of 30-40 questions, with 45 to 60 minutes to complete each block. In addition,
Step 3 includes 13 computer-based case simulations (CCS). Each simulation is allotted either 10 or 20
minutes of testing time. Step 3 is administered over two testing days – seven hours for Day 1 and nine
hours for Day 2.
Test Administration:
Parts of the USMLE are administered by computer. Prometric provides scheduling and test centers
for the computer-based components of the USMLE. Step 1 and Step 2 CK examinations are given
around the world at Prometric Test Centers (PTCs). Step 3 is given at PTCs in the United States and
its territories only. Step 2 CS is administered at five regional test centers managed by the Clinical Skills
Evaluation Collaboration (CSEC). The CSEC centers are in Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles,
and Philadelphia.
All USMLE examinations are proctored and videotaped. Strict guidelines are followed for proper
identification of examinees. Efforts are made to reduce the overlap of test content from examinee to
examinee and from test day to test day. Any significant breaches in security can result in the
cancellation of results, suspension of an individual from USMLE, and/or annotation of score reports
and official transcripts.
Test Accommodations:
Reasonable and appropriate accommodations are provided in accordance with the Americans with
Disabilities Act (ADA) for individuals with documented disabilities. Examinees are informed of the
availability of test accommodations in the USMLE Bulletin of Information, which can be found at
www.usmle.org. Requests for test accommodations are reviewed by NBME staff trained in clinical
and school psychology at the doctoral level. Further review of the request and supporting
documentation may be provided by experts in the respective fields of disability with whom NBME
consults regarding the presence of a disability and appropriate accommodations. NBME makes
decisions regarding appropriate test accommodations for all USMLE Step examinations (1, 2CK, 2CS
and 3).
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Annual Report on USMLE to Medical Licensing Authorities in the U.S. | 2017
Examinees with disabilities may be provided with a variety of accommodations. Efforts are made to
match accommodations to the individual's functional limitations. For example, audio-recorded
versions of the computer-based Step examinations are available for candidates with visual or visual
processing disabilities. Special tactile versions of visual material for a Step examination may be
provided for examinees with severely impaired vision. Items with an audio component may include a
visual representation of the sound for hearing impaired examinees. A sign language interpreter may
be provided for deaf examinees for Step 2 CS.
Score Reporting:
When examinees take Step 1, Step 2 CK, or Step 3, the computer records their responses. After the
test ends, examinee responses are transmitted to the NBME for scoring. For Step 2 CS, examinees
are assessed on their physical examination and communication skills (including spoken English) by
the standardized patients, and on their ability to complete an appropriate patient note by physician
raters. With the exception of Step 2 CS, which is reported as Pass/Fail, USMLE results are reported
on a 3-digit scale. On the 3-digit scale, most Step 1 and Step 3 scores fall between 140 and 260 and
most Step 2 CK scores fall between 190 and 270. The means and standard deviations for recent, first-
time examinees from accredited medical school programs in the United States and Canada were: Step
1, 228 (21); Step 2 CK, 242 (17); and Step 3, 225 (15). Examinee score reports will include the mean
and standard deviation for a recent administration of the examination.
USMLE score reports and transcripts show scores (for Step 1, Step 2 CK, and Step 3) and an indication
of whether an examinee passed or failed (for all examinations). The same information is sent to
medical licensing authorities upon examinee authorization for their use in making licensure decisions.
Under most circumstances, to receive a score on Step 1, Step 2 CK, and Step 3, an examinee must
begin every block of the test. If an examinee does not begin every block and no results are reported,
an "incomplete examination" attempt appears on the USMLE transcript. If an examinee registers for
but does not begin an examination, no record of the test will appear on the examinee’s transcript.
For Step 2 CS, if an examinee leaves the test early, or for some other reason fails to carry out one or
more of the cases, performance may be assessed on those cases completed. If this assessment were to
result in a passing outcome no matter how poorly an examinee may have performed on the missed
case(s), then a "pass" will be reported. If this assessment were to result in a failing outcome no matter
how good an examinee’s performance may have been on the missed case(s), then a "fail" will be
reported. Otherwise, the attempt may be recorded as an "incomplete."
Some unscored items and cases may also be included in the Step examinations for research purposes.
A Score Interpretation Guide (SIG) and annual performance data for all Step examinations are
available in the “Data and Research” section of the USMLE website (
http://www.usmle.org/data-
research/
).
Minimum Passing Scores:
The USMLE program provides a recommended pass or fail outcome for all Step examinations.
Recommended performance standards for the USMLE are based on a specified level of proficiency. As
a result, no predetermined percentage of examinees will pass or fail the examination. The recommended
minimum passing level is reviewed periodically and may be adjusted at any time. Notice of such review
and any adjustments will be posted at the USMLE website.