Can (could) va uning ekbibalenti to be able (to) quydagi lessik ma’nolarini anglatadi

So‘roq bo‘lmagan forma

Hozirgi zamon			O‘tgan zamon
Bo‘lishli forma	Bo‘lishsiz forma		Bo‘lishli forma	Bo‘lishsiz forma
	To`liq forma	Qisqartirilgan forma
I may He may She may It may We may You may They may	I may not He may not She may not It may not We may not You may not They may not	I mayn’t He mayn’t She mayn’t It mayn’t We mayn’t You mayn’t They mayn’t	I might He might She might It might We might You might They might	I might not He might not She might not It might not We might not You might not They might not

So`roq forma.

Hozirgi zamon		O‘tgan zamon
Bo‘lishli forma	Bo‘lishsiz forma	Bo‘lishli forma	Bo‘lishsiz forma
May I? May He? May She? May It ? May We? May You? May They?	May I not? May He not? May She not? May It not? May We not? May You not? May They not?	Might I Might He Might She Might It Might We Might You Might They	Might I not Might He not Might She not Might It not Might We not Might You not Might They not

May (might) ning ekvivalenti sifatida to be permitted (to) (ruhsat etilmoq, ruhsat berilmoq) konstruksiyasidan ham foydalanishi mumkin. Bu konstruksiya ma’nosiga ko`ra to be allowed (to) konstruksiyasidan farq qilmaydi.

to be late
Tarjimasi: Hech kimga kech qolishiga ruxsat etilmaydi.
May fe’li quyidagi leksik ma’nolarni anglatadi.
A) imkoniyatni, biror harakatni yuzaga chiqishida qarshilik yo‘qligini;
1. I may explain that I have some status in Mr. Grand I by’s inquiry and it would be a great relief to my mind if I could go (G. K. Chesterton)
2. A flame leaped up in Lally’s heart: it might mean the offer of some work which would keep her in London after all (F. Coppart)
3. But you might keep chickens (G. K. Chesterton)
4. I might show you round
5. To be sure there was always next station, where one night descend and return
b) ruhsat, ijobat berish va ruhsat, ijozat so`rash
1. You may convey the assurance, said their host gravely (G. K. Chesterton)
2. May I ask, sir, by what right it has been taken from me? It is my property (R. Aldington)
3. “Yes” said Dingo Yellow – Dog-Dingo, “I am just in the same situation. I have made him different from all other animals: but what may I have for my tea” (R. Kipling)
4. If I take ride, I may not like it and well never live in this house (B. I. Friedman)
c) extimolllikni, ish-harakatning yuzaga chiqqanligi yoki chiqmaganligini, chiqishi yoki chiqmasligini:
1. Perhaps, she thought, they may want someone, and crossed over to enter (Th. Dreiser)
2. It was may idea that a gang of thieves might have broken in and be now run sacking North mour’s cupboards (R. L. Stevenson)
3. If you will find the facts perhaps others may find the explanation (Conan Dayle)
4. Without a counseller at hand to whisper cantious interpretation what falsehoods may not these things breathe into the unguarded ear. (Th. Dreiser)]
5. I might have stayed longer (R. L. Stevenson)
May fe’lining ekvivalentlari to be allowed (to) va to be permitted (to) asosan ruxsat, ijozat berilganlikni yoki taqiqlanganlikni bildiradi.
Masalan:
1. Do you know why we are not allowed in the Chrysler Building after eleven at night? (B. J. Freidman)
2. He was to be allowed to ride home just, like any man coming home to his family
3. They are permetted to feed hens and to collect eggs, and to ride horses to the drinking pond, and to talk on equal terms with those mighty men, farm-laboures (B. Shaw)
Keyingi modal fe’limiz must va uning ekvivalentlari to have (to), to be (to) esa quyidagicha ishlatiladi:
Must faqat hozirgi zamon formasida ishlatilib, boshqa zamon formalarida uning ekvivalentlari – to have (to) to be obliged (to), to have got (to), to be (to) ishlatiladi.
Must modal fe’li ekvivalentlaridan semantik va stilistik jihatdan farq qilishi mumkin. Hozirgi ingliz tilida must fe’li quyidagi ma’nolarni anglatadi.
A) zaruriyat yoki majburiylikni;
1. Some day I really must go to the Louvre and see my portrait (A. Huxley)
2. I must find some clean linen (P. Abrahams)
3. I must have made some tart rejoinder (R. L. Stevenson)
4. He know he must go. (D. H. Lawrence)
B) buyruq, maslahat, tavsiya qilish, qattiq iltimosni;
1. You must go to out in the fresh air all you can. (A. E. Cappard)
2. You must se her, miss Sarrie (P. Abrahams)
3. You must rest first, she said (P. Abrahams)
4. He must go, or they would over take him (D. H. Lawrence)
5. You must be very wise (R. Kipling)
S) taqiqni;
1. He must not know he has to fly it. The thought will scare him stiff. (J.Aldridge)
2. Then Cat pretended to be x sorry and said Must I never come into the cave? Must I never sit by the warm fire? Must I never drink the warm white milk? (R. Kipling
D) ehtimollik, chama qilish yoki ishonchni; zamon
1. “It must be a cleverer family,” said Harold March with a smile. (G. K. Chesterton)
2. But she must be lonely (P. Abrahams)
3. You must feel lonely too? He said (I bid)
4. He must be about ninety, but he’s some strong guy (B. G. Freidman)
5. North mour himself must have arrived and was now airing and inspecting the Pavilian (R. L. Stevenson)
Must modal fe’lining so`roq va so`roq bo`lmagan formalarini quyidagicha izohlaymiz.