Character for Leadership: The Role of Personal Characteristics

participants demonstrating low, medium, and high levels of cooperativeness was 
found statistically significant for visionary leadership, 
χ
2
(2, 
Ν
= 101) 
= 18.40, 
p
= 
.00. This hypothesis was also supported, allowing rejection of the null hypothesis at 
that level. 
Hypothesis 5 proposed a difference in how visionary leadership was 
enacted between groups based on measured levels for the character trait self-
transcendence. The difference between participants demonstrating low, medium, 
and high levels of self-transcendence was not found statistically significant for 
visionary leadership, 
χ
2
(2, 
Ν
= 101) 
= 2.87, 
p
= .24. These results did not allow the 
researcher to reject the null hypothesis. Hypothesis 6 proposed a difference in 
mature character (the combination of the character traits of self-directedness and 
cooperativeness) based on measured levels for the character trait self-
transcendence. The difference between participants demonstrating low, medium, 
and high levels of self-transcendence was not found statistically significant for 
mature character, 
χ
2
(2, 
Ν
= 101) 
= .11, 
p
= .95. These results did not allow the 
researcher to reject the null hypothesis. 
Finally, Hypothesis 7 posited that one’s current level of involvement in a 
ministry capacity while in school would result in differences in how visionary 
leadership was enacted. The difference between participants involved in low, 
medium, and high levels of in-school ministry leadership was not found statistically 
significant for visionary leadership, 
χ
2
(2, 
Ν
= 101) 
= 5.45, 
p
= .07. These results 
did not allow the researcher to reject the null hypothesis. However, it is appropriate 
to note that these results are significant at 
α
= .10.