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6
Christian Kaunert, “Europol and EU Counterterrorism : International Security Actorness
in the External Dimension,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 33, no. 7 (2010): 387-404.
Stephen Rozee, Christian Kaunert, and Sarah Léonard, “Is Europol a Comprehensive
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7
Patryk Pawlak, “The Unintentional Development of the EU's Security Governance
Beyond Borders,” European Foreign Affairs Review 17, special issue (2012): 87-108.
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Brown (see note 4 above), 97. Carrapiço and Trauner (see note 4 above), 360. Monica
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Bures, “EU Counterterrorism Policy: A Paper Tiger?” (see note 4 above), 59. Deflem
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10
Archick (see note 4 above), 10. Busuioc, Curtin, and Groenleer (see note 3 above),
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11
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12
Council of the European Union, “2055 Council-JUSTICE AND HOME AFFAIRS,” Press:
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13
Kaunert “Europol and EU Counterterrorism : International Security Actorness in the
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14
Deflem (see note 5 above), 337.
15
Council of the European Union, “Decision of 27 March (2000) authorising the Director
of Europol to enter into negotiations on agreements with third States and non-EU related
bodies”, Decision OJ C 106, April 13, 2000.
16
Advisor to the European Union Counter-terrorism Coordinator, interview, 2013.
Kaunert “Europol and EU Counterterrorism : International Security Actorness in the
External Dimension” (see note 6 above), 659.
17
Christian Kaunert and Kamil Zwolski, The EU as a Global Security Actor: a
Comprehensive Analysis across CFSP and JHA (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013),
101-103. Joint Supervisory Body of Europol, “Opinion 01/38”, November 26, 2001.
18
Advisor to the European Union Counter-terrorism Coordinator (see note 16 above).
19
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energy relations,” Energy Policy 45 (2012): 55.
20
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21
Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye, Power and interdependence (New York: Longman,
2001), 9.
22
Kaunert, Léonard, and MacKenzie (see note 2 above), 474-496.
23
Binhack and Tichy (see note 19 above), 55. James Hughes, Gwendolyn Sasse, and
Claire Gordon, “Conditionality and Compliance in the EU’s Eastward Enlargement:
Regional Policy and the Reform of Sub-national Government,” Journal of Common Market
Studies 42, no. 3 (2004): 524.
24
Joseph Nye, “Soft Power”, Foreign Policy, no. 80 (1990): 153-171.
25 Alessia Biava, Margriet Drent, and Graeme Herd, “Characterizing the European
Union's Strategic Culture: Analytical Framework”, Journal of Common Market Studies 49,
no. 6 (2011): 1227-1128. Iain Alastair Johnston, “Thinking about Strategic Culture”,
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Strategy: a Critical Appraisal”, European Foreign Affairs Review 10, no. 1 (2005): 122.
26
Sandra Lavenex and Frank Schimmelfennig, “EU Rules beyond EU Borders: Theorizing
External Governance in European Politics,” Journal of European Public Policy 16, no. 6
(2009): 791-812. Elena Korosteleva, The European Union and its Eastern Neighbours:
towards a more Ambitious Partnership? (Abingdon: Routledge, 2012). Sandra Lavenex
28
and Frank Schimmelfennig, eds, Democracy Promotion in the EU’s Neighbourhood: From
Leverage to Governance? (Abingdon: Routledge, 2013).
27
Wyn Rees, “Inside Out: the External Face of EU Internal Security Policy,” Journal of
European Integration 30, no. 1 (2008): 97-111. Christian Kaunert, “The External
Dimension of EU Counter-Terrorism Relations: Competences, Interests, and
Institutions,” Terrorism and Political Violence 22, no. 1 (2009): 41-61. Christian Kaunert,
“Conclusion: Assessing the External Dimension of EU Counter-terrorism Ten Years On,”
European Security 21, no. 4 (2012): 578-587.
28
Sophie Meunier and Kalypso Nicolaïdis, “The European Union as a Conflicted Trade
Power,” Journal of European Public Policy 13, no. 6 (2006): 907.
29
Kaunert, Léonard, and MacKenzie (see note 2 above), 483.
30
Wyn Rees, Transatlantic Counter-terrorism Cooperation: the New Imperative
(Abingdon: Routledge, 2006), 1-9.
31
“You are either with us or against us”. CNN, Available at:
http://edition.cnn.com/2001/US/11/06/gen.attack.on.terror/
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Rees (see note 30 above), 83-84.
33
Kaunert (see note 6 above), 664.
34
Council of the European Union, “Extraordinary Council Meeting-JUSTICE, HOME
AFFAIRS AND CIVIL PROTECTION,” 12019/01, September 20, 2001.
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Archick (see note 4 above), 6.
37
Leslie Lebl, “Security Beyond Borders,” Policy Review (2005). EU official, interview,
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38
Jürgen Storbeck, “Organised Crime in the European Union-The Role of Europol in
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39
Archick (see note 4 above), 12.
40
De Busser (see note 1 above), 335.
41
Archick (see note 4 above), 12.
42
Joint Supervisory Body of Europol (see note 17 above).
43
De Busser (see note 35 above), 96.
44
While the beginning of article 5 stated that the transmission of information ‘shall be for the purposes set
forth in the request’ the article continued presupposing that these purposes ‘shall be deemed to include the
prevention, detection, suppression, investigation and prosecution of any specific criminal offences, and any
specific analytical purposes, to which such information relates.’ In other words, the shared information could
be used not only for the purpose for which a request was made but also for broader non-criminal proceedings
and intelligence-related purposes.
45
“Cable 04BRUSSELS4536, EUROPOL - FEELING ITS WAY FORWARD.” WikiLeaks. Available at:
https://wikileaks.org/cable/2004/10/04BRUSSELS4536.html
(accessed July 15, 2015).
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Archick (see note 4 above), 12.
47
Rees (see note 30 above), 74.
48
Kaunert, Léonard, and MacKenzie (see note 2 above), 474-496.
49
Pawlak, “The Unintentional Development of the EU's Security Governance beyond
Borders” (see note 7 above), 102-103.
50
Archick (see note 4 above), 9. Bures, “Europol's fledgling counterterrorism role” (see
note 4 above), 510. Busuioc, Curtin and Groenleer (see note 3 above), 861. Busuioc and
Groenleer (see note 3 above), 294. Deflem (see note 5 above), p.353. Fagersten (see
note 4 above), 509. Advisor to the European Union Counter-terrorism Coordinator (see
note 16 above). Kaunert “Europol and EU Counterterrorism : International Security
Actorness in the External Dimension” (see note 6 above), 656. Walsh (see note 4
above), 638-639.
51
Hassan Oz, “Constructing Crises, (In)securitising Terror: the Punctuated Evolution of
EU Counter-terror Strategy," European Security 19, no. 3 (2010): 453. Archick (see note
4 above), 17.
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Bruce Hoffman, Inside terrorism (New York: Columbia University Press, 2006 2nd ed.)
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Advisor to the European Union Counter-terrorism Coordinator (see note 16 above).
Kaunert “Europol and EU Counterterrorism : International Security Actorness in the
External Dimension” (see note 6 above), 666.
54
Den Boer, Hillebrand, and Nölke (see note 3 above), 111.
55
Busuioc, Curtin, and Groenleer (see note 3 above), 855-856.
56
Ethem İlbiz, “The Impact of the European Union on Turkish Counter-terrorism Policy
Towards the Kurdistan Workers Party” (PhD diss., University of Nottingham, 2014), 157-
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57
Ibid., 187-230.
58
“Agreement on Cooperation Between the European Police Office and the Republic of
Turkey,” May 18, 2004, 1-6.
59
Senior official from the Turkish National Police (Europol Department), interview, 2014.
60
“Agreement on Cooperation Between the European Police Office and the Republic of
Turkey,” (see note 48 above), 4.
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Senior official from the Turkish National Police (Counterterrorism Department),
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Kurdish Issue, eds. Marlies Casier and Joost Jongerden (Abingdon: Routledge, 2011),
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Turkey's EU candidacy,” in Turkey and European Integration: Accession Prospects and
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Busuioc, Curtin, and Groenleer (see note 3 above), 860. Busuioc and Groenleer (see
note 3 above), 297.
68
Advisor to the European Union Counter-terrorism Coordinator (see note 16 above).
69
Council of the European Union, “Barcelona Declaration” (paper presented at the Euro-
Mediterranean Conference, Barcelona), November 27-28, 1995.
70
Nuray Ibryamova, “Eastern Enlargement and the European Security Agenda,” Jean
Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series 4, no. 8 (2004): 3-4, Florian Trauner, “EU Justice
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immigration policies to Central and Eastern Europe (Budapest: Central European
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71
Judith Kelley, “New Wine in Old Wineskins: Promoting Political Reforms through the
New European Neighbourhood Policy,” Journal of Common Market Studies 44, no. 1
(2006): 30-34.
72
Sarah Wolff, The Mediterranean dimension of the European Union's internal security
(Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), 173.
73
Elena Baracani, “The European Neighbourhood Policy and Political Conditionality:
Double Standards in EU Democracy Promotion?,” in The external dimension of EU justice
and home affairs, ed. Thierry Balzacq (Basingstoke, 2009), 139.
30
74
Christian Kaunert and Sarah Léonard, “EU Counterterrorism and the European
Neighbourhood Policy: An Appraisal of the Southern Dimension,” Terrorism and Political
Violence 23, no. 2 (2011): 294.
75
Wolff (see note 75 above), 176.
76
“Foreign fighter total in Syria/Iraq now exceeds 20,000; surpasses Afghanistan conflict
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Ethem Ilbiz and Benjamin L. Curtis, “Trendsetters, Trend Followers, and Individual
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