25
the arbitrary changes made by the publishers helped to create the different versions that exist
today.
The two Opus 69 waltzes were composed earlier than those of Opus 64, but were
published posthumously and at different times. These two posthumously published waltzes exist
in several versions. The A-flat Major Waltz, Opus 69, no. 1, has three extant autographs. The
1835 version (the most probable date of composition) includes numerous detailed performance
indications, such as dynamic and pedal markings.
96
The second version, a signed manuscript
from 1837, has differences of notes in measures 16, 22, and 48, and more elaborated phrase
markings overall compared to the first version.
97
The last revision dates from 1842. This version
has only a few performance markings, such as slurs, some staccatos, and accents in two different
measures.
98
The B Minor Waltz, Opus 69, no. 2, was composed and published prior to the A-flat
Major Waltz, with a composition date of 1829 and a publication date of 1852 in Poland.
99
No
autograph copies of this waltz are in existence today. Rather, there are only extant copies, which
differ from one another in terms of notes, rhythms, ornamentation, performance markings, and
measure numbers.
100
The two waltzes from Opus 69 were first published as a set in 1855 in both Berlin and
Paris. In the Berlin publication, these two waltzes were published as Opus 69, but in Paris they
were published without any opus number.
101
Both of these 1855 publications were edited by
Julian Fontana, a friend of Chopin’s. From my work comparing several different editions, I
96
Jan Ekier and Paweł Kamiński, “Source Commentary,” In Walce: Published Posthumously by Fryderyk Chopin,
The Complete Works, series B, vol. 27 (Warsaw: National Edition of the Works of Fryderyk Chopin, 2007), 12.
97
Ibid.
98
Ibid.
99
Maurice John Edwin Brown, Chopin: An Index of his Works in Chronological Order. 2nd rev. ed. (London:
Macmillan, 1972), 38.
100
Ekier and Kamiński, “Source Commentary,” Walce, series B, 4-8.
101
Brown, xiii-xiv.
26
recognized that the Fontana version has been considered very important as a main source for
performance editions. However, Jan Ekier, the chief editor of the National Edition of Works of
Fryderyk Chopin, has claimed that the Fontana version was a combination of several sources and
included some arbitrary changes in notes, performance markings, and measure numbers.
102
Overview of Five Selected Editions
From the various editions of the Chopin waltzes that are in print today, five have been
selected for this project: the G. Schirmer Edition from 1879; The Fryderyk Chopin Institute
Polish Music Publications Edition (Paderewski) of 1949; the G. Henle Edition of 1978; the
Alfred Masterwork Edition from 2007; and the National Edition of the Works of Fryderyk
Chopin of 2001 and 2007. These will, henceforth, be referred to as the Schirmer, Paderewski,
Henle, Alfred, and National editions, respectively.
The Schirmer edition was selected as one of these five editions because it was edited by
one of Chopin’s pupils, Carl Mikuli. First published in 1879 in Leipzig, it was reprinted by
Schirmer in 1949. This edition includes one version of each waltz. According to Derek Melville
in his 1977 book, Chopin, the principal source for the Schirmer edition is the first French edition,
as well as the lesson notes from Chopin for the Opus 64 waltzes.
103
The Schirmer edition
provides two articles in the preface: “Frédéric François Chopin” by Mikuli; and “The Waltzes”
by James Huneker. This edition is the most highly edited of the five recommended editions –
these edits are meant to be helpful for the performer. It is precisely because of that additional
editing that this edition is probably the least authentic of these five selected editions.
The second selected edition is the Paderewski edition, commonly referred to by pianists
as such because Ignacy Jan Paderewski was the chief editor. This edition was included among
102
Ekier and Kamiński, “Source Commentary,” Walce, series B, 5 & 13.
103
Derek Melville , Chopin: A Biography, with a Survey of Books, Editions, and Recordings (London: Bingley,
1977), 82.
27
the five selected editions because it has remained very popular among piano teachers and pianists
in general. The Paderewski edition includes one version each of the Opus 64 waltzes, and two
versions of the Opus 69 waltzes. The editors include details of the source materials, including the
first editions and autograph copies. The Paderewski edition draws upon many different sources
for the waltzes.
The Henle edition is the third selected edition. It was included because of its general
importance as a publishing house. The publication date for the Henle edition of the waltzes is
1978. Like the Paderewski, this edition includes one version of the Opus 64 waltzes, and two
versions of those from Opus 69, but the source material for these alternative versions is
somewhat different in the Henle. The Henle edition provides some documentation of editorial
issues, and one of the main characteristics of this edition is that it prioritizes early autographs
over later copies.
The Alfred edition, edited by Willard Palmer, is the fourth selected edition. This edition
was included in this document because of its popularity among independent piano teachers in the
United States. The first Alfred edition of the Chopin waltzes was published in 1984 and included
17 waltzes. The 2007 edition added two more waltzes, both of which are in E-flat major, and
includes a compact disc recording by the Turkish pianist, Idil Biret. Further, the Alfred edition is
almost identical with the Henle edition with only a few differences. The Alfred edition includes
one version of each waltz. The preface indicates that autograph copies and first editions were the
primary sources for the editing. In addition, the preface provides very brief historical information
about Chopin’s waltzes and instructions on how to play the ornaments.
Finally, the National edition was included because it is one of the new scholarly editions
and is edited by Jan Ekier and Paweł Kamiński. The National edition of the Opus 64 waltzes was
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