Ideological Factors
Azerbaijan's secular and Western-style
statehood is based on an ideology that
totally contradicts that of Iran. Tehran's
mullah government considers Shi'ism a
unique ideology and a powerful force to
unite the nation. The Iranian government has
thus strengthened Shi’i ideology and
suppressed the identities of the ethnic
minorities in the country, including Azeri
Turks (Iranian Azeris). It has also attempted
to
eliminate
independent
Azerbaijan’s
ideological
and
political
impact.
Interestingly, Iran's Azeri Turk Safavid
dynasty officially converted Iran from Sunni
to Shi'i at the beginning of the sixteenth
century. Shah Ismail Safavid, an Azeri Turk
and founder of the Safavid dynasty, is an
important historical figure both in Iran and
in Azerbaijan.
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While Iran follows the Shi’i ideology,
Azerbaijan has adopted a Kemalist ideology.
Azerbaijani nationalism is based on the
ADR's ideological and political values as
well as on Azeri Turk or Turkish identity.
Thus, despite its common historical heritage
with Iran, the Republic of Azerbaijan had
close ties with Kemalist Turkey and shared
the late Azerbaijani President Heydar
Aliyev's "one nation, two states" ideology
and strategy with the Turkish Republic.
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Even after the coming to power of an
Islamist-oriented, post-Kemalist government
in Turkey, this relationship continues and it
supports Azerbaijan's sense of identity. On
the other hand, the Azerbaijani government
considers nationalism and Kemalist ideology
as well as the "one nation, two states"
strategy as powerful tools to contain Iran's
attempts to strengthen Shi'i ideology in
Azerbaijan, which has created a major
ideological gap and opposition between the
two countries.
Last,
Tehran's
hostility
toward
Azerbaijan is deeply rooted in the history.
The fundamental and most influential factor
in Tehran's relations with Baku is that of
two "divided" Azerbaijans. Iran fears Iranian
Azeris may establish their own Azerbaijani
state--as occurred in the early twentieth
century
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--or will become part of the
Republic of Azerbaijan. The mullah regime
in Tehran is greatly concerned that
Azerbaijan's success as a secular state could
inspire or ignite Iranian Azeris to bring
about the downfall of the current regime in
Iran. These fears are exacerbated by the
possibility of the West using Iranian Azeris
against Tehran. The Azerbaijani republic is
thus a major factor in Iran's long-term
strategy and the Azeri national liberation
movement in Iran has become an element of
global politics. In this context, Iran has thus
Mahir Khalifa-zadeh
60 Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Spring 2013)
adopted an aggressive stance toward the
neighboring republic.
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