AZERBAIJAN'S
APPROACH
TOWARD ISRAEL
Since the Soviet Union’s disintegration,
Azerbaijan has been under direct pressure
from Russia and Iran. Russia supports
Armenia
politically,
militarily,
and
economically, which helps Armenia to
occupy
Nagorno-Karabakh--which
is
internationally recognized as Azerbaijani
land.
17
Iran has also provided support to
Armenia and blames Azerbaijan for its close
links with the United States and Israel.
Since the time of its restored national
independence in 1991, Azerbaijan has
strived to become an important regional
player and to retake lands occupied by
Armenia. In line with these goals and as a
result of Russian and Iranian pressure, the
late Azerbaijani President Heydar Aliyev
oriented the country's strategic foreign
policy toward the West and Israel. In 1997,
he met with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin
Netanyahu, who made a brief stop in Baku.
The two discussed the Iranian threat as well
as
Israeli-Azerbaijani
intelligence
cooperation. The meeting was considered by
some to be the starting point for the alliance
between the two countries.
18
As a continuation of Heydar Aliyev's
strategy, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev
welcomed Israeli President Shimon Peres in
Baku on in June 2009. President Ilham
Aliyev said, "I am happy to host you in my
country. This is a most important visit for
Azerbaijan and we are interested in
expanding and strengthening the cooperation
between Azerbaijan and Israel in the areas
of security, diplomacy and the economy."
19
Peres’s visit took place despite strong
opposition from Iran.
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President Aliyev's
decision earned him great respect in Israel.
"The clear position of Azerbaijani President
Ilham Aliyev on relations with Israel, in
particular his refusal to submit to the
demands of Iran to cancel the visit of Israeli
President Shimon Peres to Baku and his
refusal to join any anti-Israel campaigns”
have garnered “sincere respect in Israel."
21
Cooperation with Israel is vital for
Azerbaijan for several strategic reasons.
First, both Azerbaijan and Israel face
regional security threats.
22
Despite official
slogans of friendship and brotherhood
between two nations,
23
Azerbaijan very
much fears Iranian threatens to use force and
expand its intelligence network in Baku and
in other parts of the country.
24
Moreover,
Iran
provides
large-scale
support
to
Armenia,
which
seriously
damages
Azerbaijani-Iranian relations and creates
serious
mistrust
between
the
two
countries.
25
Azerbaijani
political
elites
consider Israeli or Jewish support a key
element in countering the Armenian
diaspora, particularly in the United States
and Europe. In 1997, during an official visit
to the United States, President Heydar
Aliyev
met
with
representatives
of
American Jewish organizations in New
York and openly asked them to help
Azerbaijan.
26
Azerbaijan is grateful to Israel
for lending the pro-Israel lobby's weight in
Washington to improve Azeri-American
relations.
27
Another
strategic
factor
was
the
successful experience of the Turkish-Israeli
partnership for over a decade, which
inspired Azerbaijani decisionmakers to form
strategic ties with Israel. Despite current
problems in the Turkish-Israeli relationship,
Ankara "understands that its regional
aspirations require correct relations with
Mahir Khalifa-zadeh
62 Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Spring 2013)
[the]
Jewish
state."
28
Former
Israeli
Ambassador to Turkey Zvi Elpeleg also
noted, "I do not think that relations will
deteriorate because there are fundamental
reasons why Turkey and Israel have the
same interests."
29
Azerbaijan has attempted
to play the mediator between the two
countries
following
tensions
and
disagreements that emerged as a result of the
Mavi Marmara incident. Undoubtedly, this
type of mediation can expand Baku's role in
Middle Eastern affairs and strengthen
Azerbaijan's international standing.
Baku welcomes the triangular security
and defense partnership between Turkey,
Israel, and Azerbaijan. This model of
cooperation has been successful concerning
energy affairs.
30
The strategic triangular
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