Casus
|
Sing.
|
Plur.
|
Nom.
|
decoctum
|
decocta
|
Gen.
|
decocti
|
decoctorum
|
Dat.
|
decocto
|
decoctis
|
Acc.
|
decoctum
|
decocta
|
Abl.
|
decocto
|
decoctis
|
38- §. Quyidagi so‘zlarni yod oling!
folium, i, n - barg
oleum, i, n - moy
extractum, i, n – ekstrakt
decoctum, i,n – qaynatma
infusum, i, n - damlama
unguentum, i, n - surtma
linimentum, i, n - suyuq surtma
briketum, i, n - briket
aёrosolum, i, n - aerozol
gelium, i, n - gel
emulsum, i, n - emulsiya
amylum, i, n - kraxmal
vaccinum, i, n - vaksina
emplastrum, i, n - malham
emplastrum ad clavos - qadoq malhami
suppositorium, i, n - shamcha
granulum, i, n - granula
remedium, i, n - vrachlik vositasi
saccharum, i, n - qand, shakar
Rheum, i, n - ravoch
Anisum, i, n - arpabodiyon, anis
Absinthium, i, n – achchiq shuvoq, ermon
Erysimum, i, n - jeltushnik
Equisetum, i, n- qirqbo‘g‘im
Linum, i, n - zig‘ir
Centaurium, i, n - tillabosh
Persicum, i, n - shaftoli
Foeniculum, i, n - ukrop,fenxel
Taraxacum, i, n - qoqi
Capsicum, i, n - qalampir, garmdori
Triticum, i, n - bug‘doy
Mashqlar
1. Quyidagi otlarning kelishigini aniqlang.
1) foliorum 6) extracta
2) olea 7) folium
3) extraсtum 8) unguenta
4) unguenti 9) olei
5) suppositoria 10) suppositorium
2. Quyidagi otlarning bosh va qaratqich kelishik, birlik va ko‘plik son
shakllarini jadval yordamida yozing.
Sharbat, barg, moy, sharcha, qalam, ekstrakt, rezavor meva, tayoqcha.
Namuna:
-
Nom. Sing.
|
Turl.
|
Rod
|
Gen. Sing.
|
Nom. Plur.
|
Gen. Plur.
|
infusum-
damlama
|
II
|
n
|
infusi-
damlama-ning
|
infusa-
damlama-
lar
|
infusorum-
damlama-larning
|
3. O‘zbek tiliga tarjima qiling.
Folium Belladonnae, folia Helianthi, oleum Amygdalarum, oleum Anisi, aёrosolum «Cametonum», granula Amydopyrini, emulsum ex oleo, extractum Convallariae, extractum Strychni, tinctura Rhei, tinctura Erysimi, oleum Hippophaёs.
4. Terminlarning shartli tasvirini tuzib, Nom. va Gen. da lotin tiliga tarjima
qiling.
1) qayin bargi 5) zaytun moyi
2) mavrak barglari 6) qand sharbati
3) oqqaldirmoq barglari 7) sano damlamasi
4) gulxayri sharbati 8) bodom moyi
5. Quyidagi zanjirdan II turlanish sredniy roddagi otlarni toping va o`zbek
tiliga tarjima qiling.
SIRUPUSTRYCHNOSTILUSACCHARUMYRTILLUSUCCUSERU-
MEDICAMENTUMEDICUSTROPHANTHUS.
6. O‘zbek tiliga tarjima qiling.
1. Globuli, bacilli, suppositoria oleum Cacao continent.
2. Herba Sennae, Convallariae, Erysimi, Leonuri in medicina adhibetur.
3. Colate decoctum foliorum Salviae per telam.
4. Concidite folia Menthae et praeparate infusum.
5. Forma pilulas numero 25.
6. Refrigera et cola infusum foliorum Salviae.
7. Noto‘g‘ri tarjima qilingan terminlarni toping.
Oleum Ricini, infusum gemmorum Betulae, tincture Valerianae, globula et suppositoriae, tinctura Strychosi, sirupi Rubi idaei, tinctura Leonurae, oleum Anisi.
8. O‘zbek tiliga tarjima qiling.
1. Da aegotae decoctum gemmarum Pini. 2. Oleum Ricini in capsulis datur.
3. Oleum Terebinthinae ex Pino conficitur.4. Praeparatum Cardiovalenum extractum Crataegi continet. 5. Sirupus Glycyrrhizae, sirupus Sacchari, si -
rupus Citri in medicina adhibentur.6. Pilula in officina praeparantur.
9. Retseptlarni o‘zbek tiliga tarjima qiling.
1. Recipe: Extracti Aloёs 1,0
Da in ampullis.
Signa: Teri ostiga 1 ml.dan yuborilsin.
2. Recipe: Emulsi olei Ricini 180,0
Sirupi sacchari ad 200,0
Misce. Da.
Signa: 2 osh qoshiqdan ich surguncha har soatda ichilsin.
3. Recipe: Infusi foliorum Urticae 15,0: 200 ml
Da.
Signa: 3-4 marta 1 osh qoshiqdan ichilsin
4. Recipe: Decocti foliorum Farfarae 15,0: 200 ml
Da.
Signa: Нar 3-4 soatda 1 osh qoshiqdan ichilsin.
10. Retseptlarni lotin tiliga tarjima qiling.
1.Ol: Strofant nastoykasi 5 ml
Marvaridgul nastoykasi
Valeriana nastoykasi teng miqdorda 10 ml
Aralashtir. Ber.
Belgila: 20 tomchidan kuniga 2 - 3 marta ichilsin.
2.Ol: Arslonquyruq nastoykasi 50 ml
Ber.
Belgila: 30 tomchidan kuniga 2 marta ichilsin.
3. Ol: Kungaboqar moyi emulsiyasi 480,0
Kamfora 2,0
Qand sharbati 10,0
Aralashtir. Ber.
Belgila: Kuniga 3 marta 1 osh qoshiqdan ichilsin.
4. Ol: Sano bargi damlamasi 10,0:150 ml
Ravoch sharbati 30 ml
Aralashtir. Ber.
Belgila: Ertalab va kechqurun 1 osh qoshiqdan ichilsin.
10-AMALIY MASHG`ULOT: Yunon -lotin termin (atama) elementlari
39-§. Yunon -lotin termin (atama) elementlari
Farmatsevtika atamashunosligida yunon-lotin terminlari ko’p uchraydi. Atamashunoslikni o’rganish termin element (TE) deb nomlanuvchi alohida komponentlarning tahliliga asoslanadi. Har qanday so’z yasovchi element (o’zak, negiz, old qo’shimcha (prefiks), suffiks) termin element deyiladi. Termin elementlar muayyan ma’noga ega. Shuning uchun bir nechta termin elementlardan tuzilgan terminlarni tahlil qilishda asosiy ma’noni bildiruvchi termin elementlarga ilmiy jihatdan yondoshish zarurdir5.
Masalan: dyspepsia (dys-yunoncha old qo’shimcha, faoliyatni buzilishini ko’rsatadi + pepsis – hazm qilish) – dispepsiya- ovqat hazm qilinishning buzilishi; colitis (kolon – yug’on ichak (yunoncha) + itis yunoncha suffiks bo’lib, yalig’lanish degan ma’noni bildiradi) – kolit - yug’on ichak shilliq pardasining yallig’lanishi.
Termin bir yoki bir necha so’z yasovchi elementlardan: old qo’shimcha + o’zak + suffiksdan iborat bo’lishi mumkin.
Ko’pchilik yunon va lotin terminlari o’zbek tiliga tarjimasiz ko’chiriladi.
Masalan: infarctus, us, f – infarkt.
Ba’zi hollarda termin bilan birga uning tarjimasi ham berilishi mumkin.
Masalan: transplantatio, onis, f – transplantatsiya, kuchirib o’tkasizh.
Termin elementlarni o’zlashtirish talabalarning so’z boyligini kengaytirib, tibbiyotga oid terminlarni bemalol tushunishlari uchun imkon beradi.
40-§. Quyidagi yunon-lotin so‘z yasovchi old
qo‘shimchalarni eslab qoling!
Old qo’shimchalar
|
Ma’nosi
|
Misollar
|
a-(unsizdan oldin);
an- (unlidan oldin)
|
-siz, inkor etish
|
anhyricus – suvsiz
anomalia–anomal, noto‘g‘ri
|
anti -
|
qarshi, qarama-qarshi
|
antidotum – zaharga qarshi
antipyretica – issiqni pasay-tiruvchi
|
de-, des-
|
ajratib olish, yuqotish
|
desinfectio – zararli mik-roblardan tozalash,
decompensatio – kompensa-tsiyani buzilishi
|
dys-
|
faoliyatni buzilishi
|
dyspnoё – nafas qisishi,
dyspepsia – ovgat hazm qilishning buzilishi
|
ecto-, exo-, extra-
|
sirtqi, tashqi
|
ectoderma – ectoderma
exoplasma – protoplazma-ning tashqi qavati,
extrauterinus – bachadon-dan tashqari
|
endo-
|
ichki, ichidagi
|
endocardium – yurakning ichki pardasi
|
epi-
|
ustida, ustki qism
|
epidermis – teri ustki qavati
|
hyper-
|
yuqori, ustki, me‘yori-dan oshishi
|
hypertonia – gipertoniya, qon bosimining oshishi
|
hypo-
|
me‘yoridan kam
|
hypotonia – qon bosimining pasayishi
|
infra-
|
ost, ostki
|
infrascapularis – kurak osti
|
inter-
|
orasi, o‘rta, -aro
|
internationalis – xalqaro
|
intra-
|
ichki, ichidagi
|
intramuscularis – mushak-lar ichidagi
|
re-
|
qayta tiklash
|
reanimatio – qayta tiriltirish
|
sub-
|
ost, ostki
|
sublingualis – til osti
|
-aesthes-
|
sezish, his qilish
|
anaesthesia – og‘riqsizlantirish
|
-alg-, -algia
|
og‘riq
|
neuralgia – nevralgiya- asab kasalligi
|
-capnia
|
uglerod (II) oksidi miqdori
|
hypercapnia – qonda CO2 miqdoroning oshishi
|
-auto
|
o‘z, xususiy
|
Autointoxicatio–organizm-ning unda hosil bo‘lgan zaharli moddalardan zaharlanishi
|
41-§. Quyidagi o‘zak termin elementlarini eslab qoling!
1
|
2
|
3
|
-chol-
|
o‘t, safro
|
acholia– oshqozonga safroning tushmasligi yoki tushishining kamayishi
|
glyc-
(glyk-)
|
glyukoza (shakar)
|
hypoglycaemia – gipoglikemiya- qonda shakar miqdorining kamayishi
|
haem(o)-
haemat(o)
-aemia
|
qon
|
haemoglobulinum–gemoglobu-lin;
haematologia – gematologiya – qon va qon kasalliklari tog‘risi-dagi fan
anaemia - kamqonlik
|
-kinesia
|
harakat
|
akinesia –faol harakatning yuqligi
|
lip(o)-
|
yog‘
|
lipogenesis – yog‘larni hosil bo‘lishi
|
-logia
|
fan, ta‘limot
|
oncologia – o‘smalarni o‘rga-nuvchi fan
|
-ox(ia)
|
kislorod
|
hypoxia – organizm to‘qima-larini yetarli darajada kislorod bilan ta‘minlanmaslik holati
|
path(o)-,
-pathia
|
kasallik, iztirob
|
pathologia – kasalliklar haqida-gi fan
apathia – befarqlik holati
|
-penia
|
yetishmovchilik
|
leucopenia – leykotsitlar miqdorining kamayishi
|
-pnoё
|
nafas
|
apnoё – nafas olishning vaqtinchalik to‘xtashi
|
-scop-, -scopia
|
tekshirish
|
gastroscopia – me‘da bo‘shligini tekshirish
|
-therm-, -thermia
|
issiqlik
|
hypothermia – sovish
|
-tonia
|
bosim
|
hypertonia – bosimning oshishi
|
-trophia
|
oziqlanish
|
dystrophia – oziqlanishning
buzilishi
|
-therapia
|
davolash
|
hormonotherapia – gormonlar bilan davolash,
hydrotherapia – suv bilan davolash
|
ur(o)-,-uria
|
siydik
|
diureticus- siydik haydovchi
disuria – siydik chiqishining qiyinlashuvi
|
Mashqlar
1. Berilgan termin elementlaridan atamalar yasang va ularning ma‘nosini
tushuntiring.
-
contra (tussim, anginam)
-
re (constructio, animatio)
-
(haemoto, physio, bio) logia
-
(hyper, dys, a) trophia
-
(hypo, hyper, dys) tonia
2. Berilgan terminlarni tarkibiy qismlarga ajrating va ma‘nosini tushuntiring.
Phytotherapia(yunoncha phyton-o‘simlik), desinfectio, anuria, hydrotherapia,
gastropathia, reanimatio, anaesthesia, bronchoscopia, atrophia, hypotrophia,
myalgia, hypocapnia, urologia, haematologia, dysenteria.
3. Qo‘yidagi otlarning bosh va qaratqich kelishik, birlik va ko‘plik son
shakllarini jadval yordamida yozing.
Barg, kristall, limon, qaynatma, pasta, damlama, modda.
Namuna:
Nom. Sing.
|
Turl.
|
Rod
|
Gen. Sing.
|
Nom. Plur.
|
Gen. Plur.
|
folium –
barg
|
II
|
n
|
folii –
bargning
|
folia-
barglar
|
foliorum-
barglarning
|
4. O‘zbek tiliga tarjima qiling.
1) tabuletta Inulae 6) baccae Rubi idaei
2) oleum Eucalypti 7) herba Millefolii
3) baccae Juniperi 8) folium Hyoscyami
4) infusum foliorum 9) linimentum Aloёs
5) folia Salviae 10) aёrosolum «Camethonum»
5. Terminlarning shartli tasvirini tuzib, Nom. va Gen. da lotin tiliga tarjima
qiling.
1) limon moyi 4) gazako‘t ekstrakti
2) evkalipt barglari 5) chayono‘t barglarining damlamasi
3) kungaboqar moyi 6) qarag‘ay kurtaklarining qaynatmasi
6. O‘zbek tiliga tarjima qiling.
1. Da aegotae decoctum gemmarum Pini. 2. Oleum Ricini in capsulis datur.
3. Oleum Terebinthinae ex Pino conficitur.4. Praeparatum Cardiovalenum extractum Crataegi continet. 5. Sirupus Glycyrrhizae, sirupus Sacchari, si -
rupus Citri in medicina adhibentur.6. Pilula in officina praeparantur.
7. Noto‘g‘ri tarjima qilingan atamalarni toping.
Oleum Ricini, infusum gemmorum Betulae, tincture Valerianae, globula et suppositoriae, tinctura Strychosi, sirupi Rubi idaei, tinctura Leonurae, oleum Anisi.
8. Retseptlarni o‘zbek tiliga tarjima qiling.
1. Recipe: Infusi baccarum Juniperi ex 10,0: 200 ml
Da .
Signa: Kuniga 3-4 marta 1 osh qoshiqdan ichilsin.
2. Recipe: Decocti gemmarum Pini ex 10,0: 200 ml
Da.
Signa: Kuniga 3 marta 1 osh qoshiqdan ichilsin.
3. Recipe: Infusi foliorum Eucalypti ex 10,0 :200 ml
Da.
Signa: Kuniga 3 marta 1 osh qoshiqdan ichilsin.
9. Retseptlarni lotin tiliga tarjima qiling.
1. Ol: Do‘lana nastoykasi 20 ml
Ber.
Belgila: Kuniga 3 marta 20-30 tomchidan ichilsin.
2. Ol: Evkalipt moyi
Arpabodiyon moyi teng miqdorda 10,0 dan
Aralashtir. Ber.
Belgila: Ingalyatsiya uchun.
3. Ol: Kuchala nastoykasi 5 ml
Limonnik nastoykasi 20ml
Aralashtir. Ber.
Belgila: Kuniga 2 marta 20-25 tomchidan ichilsin.
11 – AMALIY MASHG`ULOT:Dorivor preparatlar nomi. Dorivor preparatlar nomidagi familiyalar. Fe’llarning shart mayli. “ fiat, fiant “ fe’lining retseptlarda qo‘llanilishi
42-§. Dorivor preparatlar nomi
Dorivor preparatlarning nomi asosan II turlanish sredniy roddagi otlar bo‘lib, ular Nominativus Singularis da -um, Genetivus Singularis da -i qo‘shimchasiga ega.
Masalan: Dermatolum, i, n – dermatol
Analginum, i, n – analgin.
43-§. Dorivor preparatlar nomidagi
familiyalar
Ba’zan dorivor preparatlar nomida shu dorini yaratgan mualliflarning familiyasi uchrab turadi. Ayollar familiyasi I turlanish, erkaklar familiyasi
II turlanish otlari singari turlanadi.
Masalan: liguor Burovi – Burov suyuqligi
tabulettae Carmanovae – Karmanova tabletkalari
Ba’zi familiyalar kelishiklar bo‘yicha turlanmaydi.
Masalan: species Zdrenco – Zdrenko yig‘masi
Balsamum Schostacovsky – Shostakovski balsami.
44-§. Quyidagi so‘zlarni yod oling!
medicamentum, i, n - dori, dori darmon
venenum, i, n - zahar
antidotum, i, n - zaharga qarshi, ziddizahar
metallum, i, n - metal
vitrum, i, n - kichkina shisha idish
da in vitro - shisha idishda ber
talcum, i, n - talk
butyrum, i, n - moy
serum, i, n - zardob
vitaminum, i, n - vitamin
Chloroformium, i, n - xloroform
Xeroformium, i, n - kseroform
Iodoformium, i, n - yodoform
Glucosum, i, n - glukoza
Glycerinum, i, n - glitserin
cum Glycerino - glitserin bilan
Linteum, i, n - kanop, polotno
extende supra linteum - polotnoga surt
Paraffinum i, n - parafin
Vaselinum, i, n - vazelin
Butyrolum, i, n - butirol
Mentholum, i, n - mentol
Ichthyolum, i, n - ixtiol
Naphthalanum, i, n - naftalan
Artemisia(ae) absinthium( i ) - ermon, achchiq shuvoq
Coriandrum, i, n- kashnich
Verbascum, i, n- sigirquyruq
Eslab qoling!
dragee (birlik), dragees (ko‘plik)- draje (turlanmaydi)
Ginseng - jenshen (turlanmaydi)
Da tales doses Numero. - Shunday dozalarda ... (son)ta ber.
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