What is happening in the European Union on climate change?
The EU’s projected progress towards its Kyoto Commitments
The EU’s share of greenhouse gas emissions
Energy mix, EU-15, business as usual
Europeans are feeling the ‘heat’ Temperatures in winter have increased more than in summer. The warming has been greatest in the most northern latitudes and the Iberian Peninsula. From 1990 to 2100, the global average temperature is projected to increase by 1.4–5.8 °C and 2–6.3 °C for Europe.
2. Selected EU policies and actions
EU climate policies: The ‘broadbrush’ overview
European Climate Change Programme (ECCP) – engagement of social actors
Use of Kyoto Mechanisms: Planned purchases by Member States (in addition to company use!)
ECCP “push” policies: Development and demonstration of new technologies Research & Technology Development: - 6th Framework Programme (5-yr): energy (€ 800 million), transport (€ 600 million), global change and ecosystems (€ 700 million) or more than € 420 mill p.a.
- Financial Perspectives 2007-2013 (state of negotiations): energy (€ 2.2 billion), transport (€ 4.1 billion), environment (€ 1.8 billion) or more than € 1.1 billion p.a.
- Technology Platforms: hydrogen and fuel cells, zero emission fossil fuel power plants
Demonstration programmes: - Intelligent Energy for Europe (e.g. ALTENER, SAVE, COOPENER, STEER)
- LIFE, LIFE+
- Competitiveness and Innovation Programme (2007-2013, proposed)
ECCP: Ongoing domestic legislative work…. Energy Proposal for a framework directive on eco-efficiency requirements for energy-using products Proposal for a Directive on energy end-use efficiency and energy services Transport Proposal for improvements in infrastructure use and charging Proposal on special tax arrangements for diesel fuel used for commercial purposes and on the alignment of excise duties on petrol and diesel fuel Proposal for a regulation on the granting of Community financial assistance to improve the environmental performance of the freight transport system (Marco Polo I and II program) Products
ECCP II long-term challenge: Making the EU fit for post-2012 Aviation – Start Nov. 2005 Legislative proposal Integrated approach on CO2 emissions of light duty vehicles – Start December 2005 Revised Community strategy to reduce CO2 emissions from light-duty vehicles (end 2006) Carbon dioxide capture and geological storage – start March 2006 (report June 2006) Legislative proposal (2007) Impacts and Adaptation – start April 2006 Green Paper on adaptation (November 2006) EU ETS Review – start after the summer break 2006 legislative proposal mid-2007 Sectoral studies – 2006-08: In-depth sectoral studies assessing emission potential and establishing marginal abatement costs groundwork for legislative proposals after 2008
3. Building together another future
The EU’s level of aspiration
Reducing global emissions is affordable through global action
- negotiation space Five essential elements: Build on Kyoto Include more sectors and all gases Deploy and develop technologies Adapt to the effects of residual climate change
Whatever we decide, we must rise to the challenge: e.g. incremental finance required in the energy sector Total BAU investment: US$ 17 trillion incl. Universal Access to Electricity until 2030 Price tag for climate-friendly: + 15 % = US$ 2.6 trillion in 25 years (~ 0.3 % of global annual GDP); i.e. approximately US$ 100 billion per year of which ~ 50 % in developing countries (IBRD: US$ 20–120 billion)
Whatever we decide, we must rise to the challenge: e.g. incremental finance required in the energy sector Total BAU investment: US$ 17 trillion incl. Universal Access to Electricity until 2030 Price tag for climate-friendly: + 15 % = US$ 2.6 trillion in 25 years (~ 0.3 % of global annual GDP); i.e. approximately US$ 100 billion per year of which ~ 50 % in developing countries (IBRD: US$ 20–120 billion)
Platforms: - UNFCCC
- G8, esp. Gleneagles Dialogue, IBRD Investment Framework, IEA
- Bilateral Summits (US, Russia, India, China, Japan…)
- Climate Change & Energy Partnerships (India, China, Russia…)
- Strengthen policy analysis and dialogue (e.g. BASIC, IEA…)
- US-led technology initiatives (CSLF, hydrogen,…)
Instruments: - Carbon Market, e.g. Clean Development Mechanism (€ 2.7 billion from MS, total 2.1 bn tonnes CO2eq by 2012 of which almost 90 % through CDM)
- Country Strategy-based funding (e.g. policy dialogues, Energy-Environment-Programs)
- New Public and Public/Private Partnership funding instruments: European Investment Bank/funding for CCS
- Research and Technology Development Funds
Dostları ilə paylaş: |