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D.
OSU's Integrated Plant Protection Centre (IPPC). The IPPC brings together scientists from OSU's 
Agricultural Experiment Station, OSU Extension service, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Oregon 
farmers to help develop agricultural systems that will save water and soil, and reduce pesticides. In response 
to the GAO report, the Centre is putting even more emphasis on integrating research and farming practices 
to improve Oregon agriculture environmentally and economically. 
 
E.
"The GAO report criticizes agencies for not clearly communicating the goals of IPM," said Jepson. 
"Our challenge is to greatly improve the communication to and from growers, to learn what works and what 
doesn't. The work coming from OSU researchers must be adopted in the field and not simply languish in 
scientific journals." 
F.
In Oregon, growers and scientists are working together to instigate new practices. For example, a 
few years ago scientists at OSU's Malheur Experiment Station began testing a new drip irrigation system to 
replace old ditches that wasted water and washed soil and fertilizer into streams. The new system cut 
water and fertilizer use by half, kept topsoil in place and protected water quality. 

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G.
In addition, the new system produced crops of very large onions, rated "super colossal" and highly 
valued by the restaurant industry and food processors. Art Pimms, one of the researchers at Malheur 
comments: "Growers are finding that when they adopt more environmentally benign practices, they can have 
excellent results. The new practices benefit the environment and give the growers their success." 
H.
OSU researchers in Malheur next tested straw mulch and found that it successfully held soil in 
place and kept the ground moist with less irrigation. In addition, and unexpectedly, the scientists found that 
the mulched soil created a home for beneficial beetles and spiders that prey on onion trips - a notorious 
pest in commercial onion fields - a discovery that could reduce the need for pesticides. "I would never have 
believed that we could replace the artificial pest controls that we had before and still keep our good results," 
commented Steve Black, a commercial onion farmer in Oregon, "but instead we have actually surpassed 
expectations." 
I.
OSU researchers throughout the state have been working to reduce dependence on broad spectrum 
chemical sprays that are toxic to many kind of organisms, including humans. "Consumers are rightly putting 
more and more pressure on the industry to change its reliance on chemical pesticides, but they 
still want a picture-perfect product," said Rick Hilton, entomologist at OSU's Southern Oregon Research and 
Extension Centre, where researchers help pear growers reduce the need for highly toxic pesticides. Picture 
perfect pears are an important product in Oregon and traditionally they have required lots of chemicals. In 
recent years, the industry has faced stiff competition from overseas producers, so any new methods that 
growers adopt must make sense economically as well as environmentally. Hilton is testing a growth 
regulator that interferes with the molting of codling moth larvae. Another study used pheromone dispensers 
to disrupt codling moth mating. These and other methods of integrated pest management have allowed pear 
growers to reduce their use of organophosphates by two-thirds and reduce all other synthetic pesticides by 
even more and still produce top-quality pears. These and other studies around the state are part of the effort 
of the IPPC to find alternative farming practices that benefit both the economy and the environment.