International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature (ijsell) Volume 2, Issue 8, August 2014, pp 116-130

Noer Doddy Irmawati, Dr. M.Hum
 
 
International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature (IJSELL) Page | 119
Nida‟s Model: a beautiful girl 
Hockett‟s Model:
a beautiful girl
 
beautiful girl 
a 
beautiful girl 
Nelson‟s Model:
(a) (beautiful) (girl)
Wells‟ Model:
Language expert who follow structural flow, among others: Ferdinand de Saussure, Leonard 
Bloomfield, Zelling Harris, Ch. C. Fries, Eduard Sapir, N.S. Trubetzkoy, William Francis 
Mackey, Roman Jacobson, Martin Joos, and others. 
According to them, special features of a language will not be separated from the discussion. 
Special features of language are called the type of language or language typology. There are three 
kinds of language typology, namely: 1) the typology of genealogical; 2) typology of geographic 
or typology of areas; and 3) structural typology. 
Structural typology uses language structure criteria that include morphological structure, the 
structure of morphosyntax, fraseologis structure, and the structure of the clause. 
1)
The Typology of Morphological Structure 
Based on the differences of morphological structure, there are four language types, namely:
a)
The agglutinative, that the structure was formed by the merger of the principal elements and 
additional elements, basic elements and basic elements, or the repetition of basic elements. 
Thus, there are three types of morphological prosede on this type of language, namely: 
affixation, compounding, and repetition. Languages that belonging to this type are, among 
others: the Java language, Malay language, and Sunda language. 
b)
Flexion, the structure of its word is formed by changing the form of the word. There are two 
kinds of changing of the form of word in this type of language, such as declination and 
conjunction. Declination is the change in word form caused by the differences of type, 
number, and case. Conjunction is the change of word form caused by the change of interest, 
number, time, and word. Language that has pure flexion type, for example: Arabic language, 
Sanskrit language, and Latin language. 
c)
Flexso- agglutinative, this type is a summary of two types, namely the types of flexion and 
agglutinative. The part of morphological prosede of the language that has this type follows the 
language patterns of flexion and partly to follow the patterns of the language that has 
agglutinative type. One of the languages that is very apparent to flexso agglutinative type is 
English. 
d)
Isolative/Isolation, this type of language is not experiencing morphological prosede or in 
other words there is no word formation. All words have never experienced changes and 
additions to the segmental form. Distinctive elements that can be found here is the change and 
the difference of tone. Therefore, this type of language is often also called “Tonis” language. 
Languages belonging to this group are Thai, Vietnamese, and Chinese groups such as 
Mandarin, Shanghai, Kantong, and others. 
2)
The Structural Typology of Morphosyntax 
a 
beautiful 
girl 

---