International scientific review

German historiography
(W. Grotte, I. Lepsius, K. Roth, A. Liman von Sanders, W. Zürer, 
H. Kaiser, E. Feigl), the “Armenian issue” and their presence in American and British geopolitics 
are presented very similarly; they almost do not touch the problems of the formation of "insulting 
the enemy" in the foreign policy of Great Britain and the United States. This can be explained by 
quite objective reasons: Germany itself has made its own contribution, an outstanding one, to the 
formation of the image of the enemy in world geopolitics, therefore, this topic is simply 
inconvenient for German scientists, they are trying to circumvent it. The main attention of German 
scientists is mainly attracted by pragmatic problems – the transportation of Caspian oil, the 
strengthening of Germany's position in the Caucasus, etc. However, in the works of German 
scientists, even with a cursory examination of the issues of interest to us, one can find opinions that 
are quite significantly dissonant with the opinions of British and American researchers. And this 
helped us to critically comprehend the historical sources and historiography necessary for research. 
An important place in the study of Middle Eastern and, in particular, Armenian issues is 
occupied by 
Turkish historiography
, which is available to us in English-language publications. 
Authors such as T. Ataev, T. Akcham, Y. Beldyrichi, E. Iltek, R. Karachakaya, G. Ogyun, M. Oke, 
S. Sonel, K. Fahrettin, Y. Halachegli, M. Erogly, A. Syusly and others, reveal the official position 
of Turkey regarding the "Armenian problem" and note the peculiarities of the ethno-cultural 
development of the six Turkish vilayets created in Western Armenia. The history of the latter is 
considered as a component of the history of Turkey; most of these works do not even use the terms 
"Western Armenia" or "Turkish Armenia". However, these studies provide valuable source and 
analytical material for the study of Anglo-American policy in the region in general and the 
formation of the image of the enemy in British and American foreign policy in particular. An 
important contribution to the popularization of Turkish historiography was made by R. Karakai's 
research "Chronology of the Armenian problem: with a bibliography (1878-1923)" (Ankara, 2002). 
Modern