Interpretations that would result in a more satisfying experience


MARKETS MOST FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTIC



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Mark Douglas Trading in the Zone-1[051-099]

MARKETS MOST FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTIC
(IT CAN EXPRESS ITSELF IN AN ALMOST INFINITE COMBINATION OF WAYS ) 
 
The market can do virtually anything at any time. This seems obvious enough, especially for anybody 
who has experienced a market that has displayed erratic and volatile price swings. The problem is that 
all of us have the tendency to take this characteristic for granted, in ways that cause us to make the 
most fundamental trading errors over and over again. The fact is that if traders really believed that 
anything could happen at any time, there would be considerably fewer losers and more consistent 
winners. How do we know that virtually anything can happen? This fact is easy to establish. All we 
have to do is dissect the market into its component parts and look at how the parts operate. The most 
fundamental component of any market is its traders. Individual traders act as a force on prices, making 
them move by either bidding a price up or offering it lower.
Why do traders bid a price up or offer it lower? To answer this question we have to establish the 
reasons why people trade. There are many reasons and purposes behind a person s motivation to trade 
in any given market. However, for the purposes of this illustration, we don't have to know all the 
underlying reasons that compel any individual trader to act because ultimately they all boil down to one 
reason and one purpose: to make money. We know this because there are only two things a trader can 
do (buy and sell) and there are only two possible outcomes for every trade (profit or loss). Therefore, I 
think we can safely assume that regardless of one's reasons for trading, the bottom line is that everyone 
is looking for the same outcome: Profits. And there are only two ways to create those profits: Either 
buy low and sell high, or sell high and buy low. If we assume that everyone wants to make money, then 
there's only one reason why any trader would bid a price up to the next highest level: because he 
believes he can sell whatever he's buying at a higher price at some point in the future.
The same is true for the trader who's willing to sell something at a price that is less than the last posted 
price (offer a market lower). He does it because he believes he can buy back whatever he's selling at a 
lower price at some point in the future. If we look at the market's behavior as a function of price 
movement, and if price movement is a function of traders who are willing to bid prices up or offer them 
lower, then we can say that all price movement (market behavior) is a function of what traders believe 
about the future. To be more specific, all price movement is a function of what individual traders 
believe about what is high and what is low. The underlying dynamics of market behavior are quite 
simple. Only three primary forces exist in any market: traders who believe the price is low, traders who 
believe the price is high, and traders who are watching and waiting to make up their minds about 
whether the price is low or high. Technically, the third group constitutes a potential force. The reasons 
that support any given traders belief that something is high or low are usually irrelevant, because most 
people who trade act in an undisciplined, unorganized, haphazard, and random manner. So, their 
reasons wouldn't necessarily help anyone gain a better understanding of what is going on. But, 
understanding what's going on isn't that difficult, if you remember that all price movement or lack of 


movement is a function of the relative balance or imbalance between two primary forces: traders who 
believe the price is going up, and traders who believe the price is going down.
If there's balance between the two groups, prices will stagnate, because each side will absorb the force 
of the other side's actions. If there is an imbalance, prices will move in the direction of the greater 
force, or the traders who have the stronger convictions in their beliefs about in what direction the price 
is going. Now, I want you to ask yourself, what's going to stop virtually anything from happening at 
any time, other than exchange-imposed limits on price movement. There's nothing to stop the price of 
an issue from going as high or low as whatever some trader in the world believes is possible—if, of 
course, the trader is willing to act on that belief. So the range of the market's behavior in its collective 
form is limited only by the most extreme beliefs about what is high and what is low held by any given 
individual participating in that market. I think the implications are self-evident:
There can be an extreme diversity of beliefs present in any given market in any given moment, making 
virtually anything possible. When we look at the market from this perspective, it's easy to see that 
every potential trader who is willing to express his belief about the future becomes a market variable. 
On a more personal level, this means that it only takes one other trader, anywhere in the world, to 
negate the positive potential of your trade. Put another way, it takes only one other trader to negate 
what you believe about what is high or what is low. That's all, only one! Here's an example to illustrate 
this point. Several years ago, a trader came to me for help. He was an excellent market analyst; in fact, 
he was one of the best I've ever met. But after years of frustration during which he lost all his money 
and a lot of other people's money, he was finally ready to admit that, as a trader, he left a lot to be 
desired. After talking to him for a while, I determined that a number of serious psychological obstacles 
were preventing him from being successful.
One of the most troublesome obstacles was that he was a know-it-all and extremely arrogant, making it 
impossible for him to achieve the degree of mental flexibility required to trade effectively. It didn't 
matter how good an analyst he was. When he came to me, he was so desperate for money and help that 
he was willing to consider anything. The first suggestion I made was that instead of looking for another 
investor to back what ultimately would be another failed attempt at trading, he would be better off 
taking a job, doing something he was truly good at. He could be paid a steady income while working 
through his problems, and at the same time provide someone with a worthwhile service. He took my 
advice and quickly found a position as a technical analyst with a fairly substantial brokerage house and 
clearing firm in Chicago.
The semiretired chairman of the board of the brokerage firm was a longtime trader with nearly 40 years 
of experience in the grain pits at the Chicago Board of Trade. He didn't know much about technical 
analysis, because he never needed it to make money on the floor. But he no longer traded on the floor 
and found the transition to trading from a screen difficult and somewhat mysterious. So he asked the 
firm's newly acquired star technical analyst to sit with him during the trading day and teach him 
technical trading. The new hire jumped at the opportunity to show off his abilities to such an 


experienced and successful trader. The analyst was using a method called "point and line," developed 
by Charlie Drummond. (Among other things, point and line can accurately define support and 
resistance.) One day, as the two of them were watching the soybean market together, the analyst had 
projected major support and resistance points and the market happened to be trading between these two 
points.
As the technical analyst was explaining to the chairman the significance of these two points, he stated 
in very emphatic, almost absolute terms that if the market goes up to resistance, it will stop and reverse; 
and if the market goes down to support, it will also stop and reverse. Then he explained that if the 
market went down to the price level he calculated as support, his calculations indicated that would also 
be the low of the day. As they sat there, the bean market was slowly trending down to the price the 
analyst said would be the support, or low, of the day. When it finally got there, the chairman looked 
over to the analyst and said, "This is where the market is supposed to stop and go higher, right?"
The analyst responded, "Absolutely! This is the low of the day." "That's bullshit!" the chairman 
retorted. "Watch this." He picked up the phone, called one of the clerks handling orders for the soybean 
pit, and said, "Sell two million beans (bushels) at the market." Within thirty seconds after he placed the 
order, the soybean market dropped ten cents a bushel. The chairman turned to look at the horrified 
expression on the analysts face. Calmly, he asked, "Now, where did you say the market was going to 
stop? If I can do that, anyone can."
The point is that from our own individual perspective as observers of the market, anything can happen, 
and it takes only one trader to do it. This is the hard, cold reality of trading that only the very best 
traders have embraced and accepted with no internal conflict. How do I know this? Because only the 
best traders consistently predefine their risks before entering a trade. Only the best traders cut their 
losses without reservation or hesitation when the market tells them the trade isn't working. And only 
the best traders have an organized, systematic, money-management regimen for taking profits when the 
market goes in the direction of their trade. Not predefining your risk, not cutting your losses, or not 
systematically taking profits are three of the most common—and usually the most costly—trading 
errors you can make. Only the best traders have eliminated these errors from their trading. At some 
point in their careers, they learned to believe without a shred of doubt that anything can happen, and to 
always account for what they don't know, for the unexpected. Remember that there are only two forces 
that cause prices to move: traders who believe the markets are going up, and traders who believe the 
markets are going down. At any given moment, we can see who has the stronger conviction by 
observing where the market is now relative to where it was at some previous moment. If a recognizable 
pattern is present, that pattern may repeat itself, giving us an indication of where the market is headed. 
This is our edge, something we know. But there's also much that we don't know, and will never know 
unless we learn how to read minds. For instance, do we know how many traders may be sitting on the 
sidelines and about to enter the market? Do we know how many of them want to buy and how many 
want to sell, or how many shares they are willing to buy or sell? What about the traders whose 


participation is already reflected in the current price? At any given moment, how many of them are 
about to change their minds and exit their positions?
If they do, how long will they stay out of the market? And if and when they do come back into the 
market, in what direction will they cast their votes? These are the constant, never-ending, unknown, 
hidden variables that are always operating in every market—

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