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81 at1992, the death of another important Shia leader Ayatollah Abdul Kasım al-Khoei by natural causes made a gap at Iraq’s Shia front. Iraq government, after the death of Khoei, to fill this gap, started to search for a Shia leader that could be on their side and in this way, they could control Shiites. Among the other candidates although he was not known enough except Necef Havza Ayatollah Mohammed Sadık es- Sadr who had the popularity among the other low-income tribes at south assumed the spiritual leadership and started to rise. The most effective reason for this was el-Hakim family that involved the leader of Iraq Islamic Council and its members and also the leader of Dava Party and its members were on exile at out of Iraq; at Tehran, Damascus and London. Sadık es Sadr had the aim of establish a rising religion-based Iraq government objecting Ali Sistani’s silence (Sükutçuluk) intellection and against Iraqi religious scholars who did not regard him as a treat, against BAAS and condescending of Iran. He had a nationalist attitude and opponent of Iran. Sadık es-Sadr at the days Iraq boosted the regime did not adopt an attitude opposed to regime to not to draw reaction but at 1998 he started to utter his opposition during his preaches against regime at Necef and Kufa. 168 This situation was resulted as the death of Sadık es- Sadr and his two sons by Saddam Husain and BAAS regime at February 19, 1999 and his youngest son Muqtada es-Sadr took his place. 169 Among the sons of Sadık es-Sadr Muqtada es-Sadr who was the only heir was shy and had not have the leadership skills according to people around him. The way his father died and the complicated political situation of Iraq at the time were the factors that led Sadr group conducted their activities underground until 2003. 170 Sadr, despite he did not have the title of Ayatollah he was successful at reaching large mass. Sadr, especially 168 "Sadr Family: Their Relations with Iran and Their Place at Iraq Politics", http://www.timeturk.com/sadr-ailesi-iran-ile-iliskileri-ve-irak- siyasetindeki-yeri/haber-142509 169 Greg Bruno, a.g.m., 16 Mayıs 2008. 170 "Sadr Family: The relations with Iran and the place at Iraq Politics", http://www.timeturk.com/sadr-ailesi-iran-ile-iliskileri-ve-irak- siyasetindeki-yeri/haber-142509 82 after the occupancy of Iraq, with his being an opponent of USA started to be known by larger mass and turned into an effective figure of the country. 171 The Sadr movement after the invasion turned into a religious and social movement and aimed to establish an order that unify religious doctrines and tradition. 172 At the beginning of the invasion of USA, the followers of Sadr supplied food and health services for poor Shia communities who lived at suburbs. More than 2 million of Shiites that lived at the suburbs of Bagdad, under the leadership of Sadr established their own municipal, the services of food and health and they turned the name of the area which was named as the city of Saddam into city of Sadr. 173 Sadr, kept his rhetoric against USA at his Friday prayer preaches and invite nation to resistance against USA. In this way, Sadr at 2003, with 500-1000 educated soldiers and 5000-6000 volunteers under the name of the army of Mehdi fought against to soldiers of USA. 174 It would be better to point out that, after the invasion of USA, there were three effective groups at Shia policy at Iraq: The high Council of Iraq Islamic Revolution, Dava Party and the Army of Mehdi. 175 Among those three groups the High Council was the one that was known with its closeness to Iran, at the same time its relations with USA. This mentioned situation and the prominent ones’ of Dava Party and the council not staying at the country and also not resisting against Saddam regime created a negative effect over Iraq people. The resistance of soldiers of the army of Mehdi, under the leadership of Sadr, against USA soldiers; Sadr’s being at Iraq and his nationalistic action and creating the perception of being independent from Iran boosted Sadr’s prestige and 171 “Muqtada al-Sadr”, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iraq/al-sadr.htm 172 "Profile: Moqtada Sadr”, BBC, 19 January 2012, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12135160 173 Nimrod Raphaeli, “Understanding Muqtada al-Sadr”, Middle East Quarterly, Fall 2004, http://www.meforum.org/655/understanding- muqtada-al-sadr 174 “Al-Mahdi Army/Active Religious Seminary/Al-Sadr’s Group”, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/al-sadr.htm 175 Sadr Family: The Relations with Iran the Place at Iraq Politics", http://www.timeturk.com/sadr-ailesi-iran-ile-iliskileri-ve-irak- siyasetindeki-yeri/haber-142509 Yüklə 1,96 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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