Medicinal and aromatic plants – industrial profiles

1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
13
12
11
15
22
23
24
25
26
27
19
16
17
18
20
21
14
All leaves are shown life size with the exception of numbers 20 and 21 shown at 2 
× 
life size.
1.
 
L. mairei
 var. 
mairei 
2.
 
L. pubescens 
3.
 
L. citriodora  
4.
 
L. maroccana 
5.
 
L. antineae
7.
 
L. multifida 
8 .
 
L. coronopifolia
 
9 .
 
L. rotundifolia  
 
10 .
 
L. minutolii 
var.
 minutolii   
 
11 .
 
L. pinnata 
 
12 .
 
L. canariensis
 13 .
 
L. buchii 
var.
 gracile
 14 .
 
L. bipinnata 
15.
 
L. subnuda
16.
 
L. dhofarensis
17.
 
L. nimmoi
18.
 
L. somaliensis  
19.
 
L. galgalloensis
20.
 
L. hasikensis
21.
 
L. atriplicifolia 
22.
 
L. lanata
23.
 
L. latifolia 
24.
 
L. angustifolia
25.
 
L. stoechas 
subsp. 
stoechas 
26.
 
L. viridis
27.
 
L. dentata 
var. 
dentata
Figure 2.1
The diversity of leaf shapes and forms found within the genus 
Lavandula
.

---

Generic description
Lavandula L.
(Synonyms – 
Stoechas
Mill., 
Fabricia
Adans., 
Chaetostachys
Benth., 
Sabaudia
Buscal.
and Muschl., 
Isinia
Rech. f.)
Shrubs, woody-based perennials or short-lived herbs; often aromatic, glabrous or with a vari-
able indumentum. Leaves variable in shape, entire or dissected, sessile or petiolate. Inflorescence
a congested terminal spike, occasionally with a coma, usually with distinct peduncle, simple 
or branched, verticils either a many-flowered (3–9) cyme with minute bracteoles or a reduced
single-flowered cyme usually without bracteoles, subtended by persistent bracts variable in
form, which maybe opposite or spirally arranged on the inflorescence axis. Calyx persistent, 
regular or two-lipped, upper with three-lobed, the lower two-lobed, 
 
equal in size or with the
posterior lip larger or modified into an appendage, eight-, thirteen- or fifteen-nerved, the nerves 
in the lower sepals all borne to the apex. Corolla tube either just exceeding or up to 3
longer
6
Tim Upson
Flower
Bracteoles
Subtending bract
A bicincinnus cyme illustrating the branching pattern and position 
of bracteoles and bracts
A single flowered cyme, with subtending bract
Figure 2.2
Diagrammatic representations of the structure of the many-flowered (bicicinnus) and 
single-flowered cymes in 
Lavandula
.

---

1
2
6
8
7
10
13
14
12
11
9
3
4
5
1.
 
L. dentata 
var. 
dentata
×
160 
2.
 
L. viridis
×
160
 
3. 
L. latifolia
×
160
 
4.
 
L. lanata
×
100 
5.
 
L. multifida
×
100
 6 
.
 
L. canariensis
×
100
 
 
7 .
 
L. pubescens
×
100
 8 
.
 
L. tenuisecta
×
100 
 
9 .
 
L. coronopifolia
×
100
 
 
10 .
 
L. maroccana
×
100
 
11.
 
L. aristibracteata
×
100
 
12.
 
L. subnuda
×
160 
13.
 
L. bipinnata
×
100 
14.
 
L. atriplicifolia
×
100
 
Figure 2.3
Variation in corolla morphology within the genus 
Lavandula
.

---

8
Tim Upson
1
4
7
8
9
5
6
2
3
1.
 
L. stoechas 
subsp. 
stoechas
×
250
 
2.
 
L. angustifolia
×
250
 
3. 
L. dentata 
var. 
dentata
×
160
4.
 
L. multifida
×
160
5.
 
L. mairei
 var. 
mairei
×
250
6.
 
L. pubescens
×
250
7.
 
L. subnuda
×
250
8.
 
L. bipinnata
×
250 
9.
 
L. hasikensis
×
75 
Figure 2.4
Examples of variation in the calyces within the genus 
Lavandula
, illustrating differences in the
calyx lobes.
than calyx, weakly or strongly two-lipped, upper lip with two lobes, the lower three-lobed, the
lobes variable in size. Four stamens declinate (curving downwards), usually didynamous (two
pairs of stamens unequal in length), the anterior pair longer, included within tube. Stigma sin-
gle, bilobed or capitate. Nectary lobes borne opposite the ovaries. Nutlets variable in shape,
colour and size, with either a small basal scar or lateral scar 0.25 – 0.75
length of nutlet,
mostly mucilaginous.

---

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
13
9
10
11
12
14
1.
 
L. dentata 
var. 
dentata
×
100
 
2.
 
L. viridis
×
60 (upper bract)
 
3. 
L. latifolia
×
160
 
4.
 
L. multifida
×
160
 
5.
 
L. canariensis
×
250
 6 
.
 
L. maroccana
×
250
 
 
7 .
 
L. coronopifolia
×
250 
 8 
.
 
L. mairei
 var. 
mairei
×
100 
 
9 . 
L. aristibracteata
×
160 
 
10 .
 
L. subnuda
×
160
11.
 
L. somaliensis
×
160 
12.
 
L. bipinnata
×
160
 
13.
 
L. hasikensis
×
100
 
14.
 
L. atriplicifolia
×
100
Figure 2.5
Examples illustrating the diversity of bract shapes in the genus 
Lavandula
.

---

10
Tim Upson
Synopsis of sectional classification and taxa recognised in this treatment
1. Section 
Lavandula
(
section 
Spica
Ging.) Section 
Pterostoechas
(continued)
1. 
L. angustifolia
Mill. subsp. 
angustifolia
12. 
L. maroccana
Murb.
subsp. 
pyrenaica
(DC) Guinea
13. 
L. tenuisecta
Coss. ex. Ball
2. 
L. lanata
Boiss.
14. 
L. maroccana
Murb.
3. 
L. latifolia
Medik.
15. 
L. mairei
Humbert var. 
mairei
Hybrids
var. 
antiatlantica
Maire
L. x intermedia
Emeric. ex. Loisel.
16. 
L. antineae
Maire
L. lanata
Boiss.
L. angustifolia
Mill.
17. 
L. coronopifolia
Poir.
2. Section 
Dentatae
Suarez-Cerv. & 
18. 
L. pubescens
Decne.
Seoane-Camba
19. 
L. citriodora
A.G. Miller
4. 
L. dentata
L. var. 
dentata
Hybrids
forma 
rosea
Maire
L. x christiana
Gattef. & Maire
forma 
albiflora
Maire
L. x murbeckiana
Emb. & Maire
L. dentata
L. var. 
candicans
Batt.
L. canariensis
Mill.
L. buchii
Webb &
3. Section 
Stoechas
Ging.
Berthol. var. 
buchii
5. 
L. stoechas
L. subsp. 
stoechas
5. Section 
Subnudae
Chaytor
forma 
leucantha
Ging.
20. 
L. subnuda
Benth.
forma 
rosea
Maire
21. 
L. macra
Baker
subsp. 
pedunculata
(Mill.) Samp. ex Rozeira
22. 
L. dhofarensis
A.G. Miller
subsp. 
sampaiana
Rozeira
subsp. 
dhofarensis
subsp. 
lusitanica
(Chaytor) Rozeira
subsp. 
ayunensis
A.G. Miller
subsp. 
luisieri
(Rozeira) Rozeira
23. 
L. setifera
T. Anderson
subsp. 
atlantica
Braun-Blanq.
24. 
L. nimmoi
Benth.
subsp. 
maderensis
(Benth.) Rozeira
25. 
L. galgalloensis
A.G. Miller
subsp. 
cariensis
(Boiss.) Rozeira
26. 
L. aristibracteata
A.G. Miller
6. 
L. viridis
L’Hér.
27. 
L. somaliensis
Chaytor
Hybrids
6. Section 
Chaetostachys
Benth.
L. stoechas
L.
L. viridis
L’Hér.
28. 
L. gibsonii
Grah.
4. Section 
Pterostoechas
Ging.
29. 
L. bipinnata
(Roth) Kuntze
7. 
L. multifida
L.
Unclassified taxa
8. 
L. canariensis
Mill.
30. 
L. hasikensis
A.G. Miller
9. 
L. pinnata
L. f.
31. 
L. atriplicifolia
Benth.
10. 
L. buchii
Webb & Berthel. var. 
buchii
32. 
L. erythreae
(Chiov.) Cufud.
var. 
gracile
M.C. León
Intersectional Hybrids
var. 
tolpidifolia
(Svent.) M.C. León
L. x allardii
Hy
11. 
L. minutolii
Bolle var. 
minutolii
L. x heterophylla
Poir.
var. 
tenuipinna
Svent.
L. dentata
L.
L. lanata
Boiss.

---

The taxonomy of the genus 
Lavandula 
L.
11
Key to sections
1
Cymes 3–9 flowered; nutlets with a basal scar only  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Cymes single-flowered; nutlets with a lateral scar  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
2
Leaves and calyx sessile, stigma capitate  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Section 
Stoechas
Leaves and calyx with short stalk, stigma bilobed  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3
Leaves with regular shallow dissections, corolla lobes subequal in size,
corolla tube just exerted from calyx, calyx appendage 
c
. 1.5
width
of the calyx  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Section 
Dentatae
Leaves simple and entire, corolla lobes differing in size, corolla
tube 
c
. 2
length of the calyx, calyx appendage the same width as
the calyx  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   Section 
Lavandula
4
Leaves ovate lanceolate in outline, dissected or lobed; calyx zygomorphic (bilaterally
symmetrical); corolla violet blue or white, strongly zygomorphic  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Leaves linear and simple, calyx regular and lobes all equal; corolla yellow . . . . 
L. atriplicifolia/
brown in colour, with equal lobes, star shaped  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
L. erythrae
5
Cymes and bracts arranged in an opposite and decussate
fashion, spike 4-seriate (quadrate) to biseriate in shape  . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 
Pterostoechas
Cymes and bracts arranged in an alternate, spiral fashion. 
Spike cylindrical or head like (capitate) in shape  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6
Spikes elongated, leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatisect, bracts ovate spinescent  . . . . . . . . . . 7
Spike capitate, leaves lobed, bracts with orbicular wings  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  
L. hasikensis
7
Leaves predominantly pinnatifid to bipinnatisect, suffruticose
shrubs, lateral scar on nutlets 
c
. 0.25
the length of nutlet. Lower
corolla lip about the same size as lateral corolla lobes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Section 
Subnudae
Leaves very distinctly bipinnatisect, plant herbaceous, lateral
scar on nutlets 
c
. 0.75
length of nutlet. Lower corolla lip
larger than lateral lobes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Section 
Chaetostachys