Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic uzbekistan state world languages university

Borrowings 
Loan words
Translation 
loans
Semantic loans

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148 
by a number of historical causes: Latin was for a long time used as a language of 
learning and religion; Norman was the language of conquerors in the IX-XI 
centuries; French was the language of other conquerors in the XI-XIV centuries.
The Uzbek language also has had and old and long contacts with many 
nations in its history, especially with Arabians, Persians, Turkish and Russians. It 
is known from the history of Uzbek language that Arabian was the language of 
religion and science as Latin in English, Turkic and Persian were mostly the 
languages of poetry in the middle ages and other languages were the languages of 
the conquerors of several historical periods. 
Different from English and Uzbek languages Russian language did not 
acquire words from any kind of conquerors, but as other languages, it also has a 
group of words which acquired from various genetically related and non-related 
languages. This language started to enlarge its vocabulary from ancient times. For 
instance, from VI-VII centuries words which connected with floras taken from 
Pro-Slavonic language, in VI-IX centuries influence of Eastern-Slavonic and 
Russian national language formed in the period of XVII-XVIII centuries. Besides, 
it expands its vocabulary from Indo-European languages too.
 
English
Latin
French
Norman 
Uzbek 
Arabian
Russian
Turkic and 
Persian

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149 
Borrowings enter the language in two ways: 

Through oral speech (by immediate contact between the people); 

Through written speech (by indirect contact through books, writings, 
etc.) 
Orally borrowed words are usually short and they undergo considerable 
changes in the act of adoption. Written borrowings preserve their spelling and 
some peculiarities of their sound form, their assimilation is a long and difficult 
process. 
Oral borrowings due to personal contacts are assimilated more completely 
and more rapidly than literary borrowings, i.e. borrowings through written speech. 
For instance, in English: