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An example of a typological classification is the classification of languages
based on the order of the verb, subject and object in a
sentence into several types: SVO, SOV, VSO, and so on,
languages. (English,
for instance, belongs to the SVO lan-
guage type.)
Ethalon language
is
an object language for
ComparativeTypology and it is also a means or system of
tools to compare languages. It is usually identified
deductively. The notion of etalon language
was introduced
by
Boris Uspensky
.
Some scholars prefer the term meta language which
is to a certain extent synonymous to ethalon language. It is the second major
function of the ethalon language to serve an instrument of comparison. This
instrument may be represented as follows:
any natural language (usually one's native tongue); a linguistic category, for
example, gender, voice, person, sex, etc; concept; field.
Below there are some more examples of ethalon language:
specially created artificial language;
an existing language with thewell-developed system;
certain sign system;
certain linguistic method;
phonetic, morphological, syntactic
or other models;
intermediary language;
the language of translation, etc.
For applied purposes, etalon language is
classified into minimal and
maximal.
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