Mobility Element August 2015
PMS - Pavement Management System
Yüklə 2,38 Mb. Pdf görüntüsü
|
PMS - Pavement Management System- Computer-assisted scheduling program for preventative maintenance of roadway surfaces Plaza- A civic space type designed for civic purposes and commercial activities in the more urban transect zones, generally paved and spatially defined by building frontages. Propane- An alternative fuel; a liquid petroleum gas (LPG), with vapor heavier than air, which is stored under moderate pressure; produced as a by-product of natural gas and oil production. Public Transportation- Transportation by bus, rail, or other conveyance, either publicly or privately owned, which provides to the public general or special service on a regular and continuing basis. Also known as "mass transportation," "mass transit" and "transit".
suburbs and/or another central city. It may be either locomotive-hauled or self-propelled, and is characterized by multi-trip tickets, specific station-to-station fares, railroad employment practices and usually only one or two stations in the central business district. Also known as "suburban rail." Rail, Heavy- An electric railway with the capacity for a "heavy volume" of traffic and characterized by exclusive rights-of-way, multi-car trains, high speed and rapid acceleration, sophisticated signaling and high platform loading. Also known as “Rapid Rail.”
corridors at speeds of 124 miles per hour (200 km/h) and greater. Rail, Light- An electric railway with a "light volume" traffic capacity compared to heavy rail. Light rail may use shared or exclusive rights-of-way, high or low platform loading and multi-car trains or single cars. Also known as "streetcar," "trolley car" and "tramway".
railroad cars and/or locomotives. Rail yards also serve as a site where containers of goods are transferred onto trucks or trains.
transportation on an exclusive right-of-way. Recession- A federal budgetary term that refers to the cancellation, in whole or in part, of budget authority previously granted by Congress. Regional Improvement Program- One of the State funding programs, it is also known as “Regional Choice.” Project selection is done by the Metro and submitted to the California Transportation Commission for approval. Seventy-five percent of State transportation improvement funds are programmed through the Regional Improvement Program. These funds may be used for capital projects including highways, arterials, guideways, rail projects, bikeways, transportation enhancements, Transportation System Management (TSM), and TDM activities. Regional Statistical Area (RSA)- An aggregation of census tracts for the purpose of subregional demographic and transportation analysis within the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) area.
central city to a suburb during the morning peak period. Ridesharing- A form of transportation, other than public transit, in which more than one person shares the use of the vehicle, such as a van or car, to make a trip. Also known as "carpooling" or "vanpooling". Ridership- The number of rides taken by people using a public transportation system in a given time period. Rolling Stock- The vehicles used in a transit system, including buses and rail cars. Route Miles- The total number of miles included in a fixed-route transit system network. Regional Transportation Improvement Program (RTIP)- A list of proposed countywide highway and transportation projects which identifies funding sources, construction, and timing schedules. In Los Angeles County, it is submitted to the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), and incorporates projects identified in the County Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). Each County’s transportation commission in California prepares an RTIP and submits it to the salient Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO). The RTIP has a six-year planning period and is updated every other year. RTP - Regional Transportation Plan- A blueprint to guide the region's transportation development for a 20-year period. Updated every two years, it is based on projections of growth and travel demand coupled with financial projections.
the RTP and RTIP; administering TDA and other tasks. Reverse Commuting- Movement in a direction opposite the main flow of traffic, such as from the central city to a suburb during the morning peak period. Ridership- The number of rides taken by people using a public transportation system in a given time period.
Ridesharing- Two or more persons traveling by any mode, including but not limited to: automobile, vanpool, bus, taxi, jitney, and public transit. Right-of-Way (ROW)- The strip of land dedicated to public use for pedestrian and vehicular movement, which may also accommodate public utilities. This strip of land is either publicly owned or subject to an easement for right-of-way purposes benefiting the general public.
fun opportunities for children to bicycle and walk to and from schools. SCAG - Southern California Association of Governments- A six-county planning and coordinating agency that deals with transportation, water quality, housing, and land use. Also reviews and comments on applications for a variety of federal and state assistance programs.
bicycling. Sharrow- Shared-lane marking, per the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). Shed- In transportation planning, an area of influence or importance for access and travel using a specific mode, such as a transit shed along a transit route; there are general travel sheds, as well as transit, bicycle, and pedestrian sheds.
Shuttle- A public or private vehicle that travels back and forth over a particular route, especially a short route or one that provides connections between transportation systems, employment centers, etc. Sightseeing Bus- See "Bus, Sightseeing". Signal Prioritization- An Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technique that extends the “green time” at traffic signals for approaching buses to improve their on-time performance and “time- competitiveness” with auto travel.
plan to take to meet federal air quality standards (outlined in the CAA). Several SIP’s make up the statewide plan for cleaning up the air, also known as a SIP.
a "drive alone." Standard Pedestrian Shed- A pedestrian shed that is an average 1/4-mile radius or 1,320 feet, about the distance of a 5-minute walk at a leisurely pace. See Pedestrian Shed. Standard-Size Bus- See "Bus, Standard-Size." State Implementation Plan (SIP)- Metropolitan areas prepare local and regional SIPs showing steps they plan to take to meet federal air quality standards (outlined in the CAA). Several SIPs make up the statewide plan for cleaning up the air.
ground becomes surface runoff, which either flows directly into surface waterways or is channeled into storm sewers, which eventually discharge to surface waters.
may be spent on mass transit, pedestrian, and bicycle facilities as well as on roads and highways. It is intended for use by states and cities for congestion relief in urban areas. Congress annually appropriates funding for this program. Subscription Bus- See "Bus, Subscription." Suburban Rail- See "Rail, Commuter." Subway- See "Rail, Heavy." Supplemental Appropriation- An act appropriating funds in addition to those in an annual appropriation act because the need for funds is too urgent to be postponed until enactment of the next regular appropriation act.
includes gathering requirements, purchasing equipment and software, distributing it to where it is to be used, configuring it, maintaining it with enhancement and service updates, setting up problem-handling processes, and determining whether objectives are being met. TCM - Transportation Control Measure- A strategy to reduce traffic volumes and congestion in order to decrease auto emissions and resulting air pollution. Examples of TCM’s include incident management,, new or increased transit service, or a program to promote carpools and vanpools.
of one-quarter of one percent on all retail sales in each county. They are collected by the state for projects and programs within the county of origin, including transit, paratransit, bicycle and pedestrian purposes.. Under certain circumstances, TDA funds may be used for streets and roads in non-urban areas.
transportation system such as programs to promote telecommuting, flextime, and ridesharing. TEA - Transportation Enhancement Activities- An ISTEA-created funding category. Ten percent of STP monies must be set aside for projects that enhance the compatibility of transportation facilities with their surroundings.
statements) with subsequent narrower EIR’s or ultimately site-specific EIR’s incorporating by reference the general discussions and concentrating solely on the issues specific to the EIR subsequently prepared. Tiering is appropriate when the sequence of EIR’s is: (a) From a general plan, policy, or program EIR to a program, plan, or policy EIR of lesser scope or to a site-specific EIR; (b) From an EIR on a specific action at an early stage to a subsequent EIR or a supplement to an EIR at a later stage. Tiering in such cases is appropriate when it helps the Lead Agency to focus on the issues which are ripe for decision and exclude from consideration issues already decided or not yet ripe. TIP - Transportation Improvement Program- This is primarily a spending plan for federal funding expected to flow to the region from all sources for transportation projects of all types. TMA - Transportation Management Association- A voluntary group set up by employers or other entities to reduce vehicle trips within certain areas. TMP - Transportation Management Plan TMC – Traffic Management Center TOC - Traffic Operations Center TOS - Traffic Operations System TRB – Transportation Research Board Trackless Trolley- See "Bus, Trolley." Traffic Management- The direction, control, and supervision of all functions incident to the procurement and use of freight and passenger transportation services. Traffic Management Center (TMC)- Traffic Management Center or TMC is a component of a transportation management system. TMC collects information about the transportation network and combines it with other operational and control data to manage the transportation network and to provide traveler information. TMC communicates transportation-related information to the media and to the motoring public. It is a place where agencies can coordinate their responses to transportation situations and conditions. The TMC uses closed circuit video equipment, and roadside count stations to enable decision makers to identify and react to an incident in a timely manner based on real time data.
Transfer Center- A fixed location where passengers transfer from one route or vehicle to another. Transit- See "Public Transportation." Transit Bus- See "Bus, Transit." Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)- A transit-oriented development (TOD) is a mixed-use residential and commercial area designed to maximize access to public transport, and often incorporates features to encourage transit ridership.
decrease auto emissions and resulting air pollution. Examples of TCMs include incident management, new or increased transit service, or a program to promote carpools and vanpools.
vehicle trips and vehiclemiles traveled by changing SOV trip behavior. TDM generally refers to policies, programs, and actions that are designed to increase the use of HOVs, transit, nonmotorized trips such as bicycling and walking, and SOV trip elimination by telecommuting and transportation/land use policies. Transportation Equity ACT for the 21st Century (TEA-21)- Passed by Congress in 1998, TEA-21 retained and expanded many of the programs created in 1991 under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Equity Act (ISTEA). The law reauthorized federal surface transportation programs for six years (1998- 2003), and significantly increased overall funding for transportation. Its successor is SAFETEA-LU. TRO - Trip Reduction Ordinance- This regulation is to limit the number of SOV users in order to stanch polluting emissions. Aimed at employers, TRO’s have been enacted by local governments in response to CMP requirements, which vary from county to county.
freight is often carried by tractor-trailers; the tractor is the front part, including the cab, and the trailer is the detachable wheeled chassis behind the tractor on which the container is placed. Tractor-trailers with a semitrailer, trailer, or both, and four or more axles may be known as “semis” or “18-wheelers.” Trust Funds- Funds collected and used by the federal government for carrying out specific purposes and programs according to terms of a trust agreement or statute, such as the Social Security and highway trust funds. Trust funds are administered by the government in a fiduciary capacity and are not available for the general purposes of the government. See "Dedicated Funding Source". TSM - Transportation Systems Management- Alternative improvements to roadway widening that increase the efficiency of a transportation system, including intersection signalization, traffic signal synchronization, changeable message signs, etc.
measurement used when counting cargo containers of varying lengths. Used as an approximate measure for describing a ship’s cargo-carrying capacity, or a shipping terminal’s cargo-handling capacity. A standard forty-foot (40 x 8 x 8 feet) container equals two TEUs (each 20 x 8 x 8 feet). Ships can carry about 4,500 to 15,000 TEUs. Trains can carry about 240 TEUs; trucks only carry one or two TEUs.
UZA - Urbanized Area- An U.S. Bureau of Census-designated area of 50,000 or more inhabitants consisting of a central city or two adjacent cities plus surrounding densely settled territory, but excluding the rural portion of cities.
responsibility for highways, mass transit, aviation, and ports; headed by the Secretary of Transportation. The DOT includes the Federal Highway Administration and the Federal Transit Administration, among others. Value Pricing- The concept of assessing higher prices for using certain transportation facilities during the most congested times of the day, in the same way that airlines offer off-peak discounts and hotel rooms cost more during prime tourist seasons. Also known as congestion pricing and peak-period pricing, examples of this concept include higher bridge tolls during peak periods or charging single-occupant vehicles that want to use carpool lanes.
and from pre-arranged destinations together. Variable Cost- A cost that varies in relation to the level of operational activity. VFV - Variable Fuel Vehicle- Also known as “Flexible Vehicle”. This kind of vehicle can run on gasoline along with less polluting alternative fuels such as CNG. Vehicle Hours Traveled (VHT)- The total vehicle hours expended traveling on the roadway network in a specified area during a specified time period. VMT - Vehicle Miles Traveled- Refers to vehicle miles traveled and is a standard measure of transportation activity. Vehicle Miles Traveled Per Capita- Vehicle miles traveled for each person. Vehicle Occupancy- The number of people aboard a vehicle at a given time; also known as auto or automobile occupancy when the reference is to automobile travel only. Vehicle Service Hours (VSH)- The total hours of revenue service operated by transit service vehicles. This does not include Deadhead hours. Vehicle Service Miles (VSM)- The total miles traveled by transit service vehicles while in revenue service. This does not include Deadhead mileage. Vehicle Trip- A one-way movement of a vehicle between two points. Volume-to-Capacity (V/C) Ratio- The relationship between the number of vehicle trips operating on a transportation facility versus the number of vehicle trips that can be accommodated by that facility. Walkable- An adjective applied to communities and neighborhoods that are sized to permit pedestrian access to the entire area. Generally, pedestrians will be comfortable walking distances that they can cover in 5 to 15 minutes. In this amount of time, a pedestrian can cover between one-quarter and one- half mile, sometimes further. Walkingshed- The one-quarter to one-half mile distance that can be covered comfortably by a pedestrian in a 5- to 15-minute walk. WBE - Women's Business Enterprise Zone Fares- A system of fares where a transit system's service area is divided into zones within which specified rates or fares apply. Document Outline
Yüklə 2,38 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
|