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Module 1: Understanding Chronic Kidney Disease (ckd)
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səhifə | 7/18 | tarix | 25.05.2022 | ölçüsü | 2,76 Mb. | | #87833 |
| Diet Module 1 2019Glomerulus - Glomerulus
- Proximal tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal tubule
- Collecting duct
- Each kidney has about 1 million nephrons; slow loss may not be noticeable
- Healthy people have a large physiologic reserve.
- Slow, progressive loss of functioning nephrons may not be noticeable.
- Often, there are no symptoms until more than three-quarters of kidney function is lost.
The functions include: - The functions include:
- Filtration
- Glomeruli generate ultrafiltrate of the plasma.
- Reabsorption
- Tubules selectively reabsorb substances from the ultrafiltrate.
- Secretion
- Tubules secrete substances into the urine.
- Nephrons maintain homeostatic balance
- Ultrafiltration of plasma is the main
- function of the glomerulus
- Volume of ultrafiltrate = 135–180 liters(L)/day
- 99% water reabsorbed 1–1.5 L urine excreted
- Filtration of solutes is based on size and charge
- Small solutes cross readily.
- Larger substances are generally restricted.
The ultrafiltrate is modified by the tubules - Reabsorption and secretion of substances occurs within the tubules.
- Examples:
- Potassium is reabsorbed from and secreted into the urine by the tubules.
- Sodium and glucose are reabsorbed by the tubules.
- Organic acids are secreted into the urine.
The kidneys have many functions - Regulatory function
- Control composition and volume of blood
- Maintain stable concentrations of inorganic anions such as sodium (Na), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca)
- Maintain acid-base balance
- Excretory function
- Produce urine
- Remove metabolic wastes
- Including nitrogenous waste
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