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Neuromorph Movement Control
József Laczkó, Róbert Tibold
Pázmány Péter Catholic University
Faculty of Information Technology
Budapest, Hungary
laczko@itk.ppke.hu, tibro@itk.ppke.hu
Summary — This educational material has
been prepared in the frame of a project
initiated by the European Union and the
European Social Fund. Development of the
special course titled “Neuromorph Movement
Control” is briefly summarized here.
I.
I
NTRODUCTION
Mathematical theories and computer-
simulation is widely used to reveal or predict
human movement patterns. The neuro-
musculo-skeletal system has special material,
geometric,
biomechanical
and
neural
properties. These levels of the human motor
apparatus are investigated. Studying and better
understanding control strategies applied by the
human nervous system during movement
planning and movement execution is the main
object of this course. An important issue is to
understand how the levels of this hierarchical
system, the nervous system, the muscles and
joints interact to produce coordinated motion
of limbs or other parts of the body.
Highschool background
The students must have knowledge and
ability to understand and to use mathematical
methods such as linear- analytic- and
statistical- methods, and mathematical theories
of human movement control. The knowledge
of Newtonian mechanics is essential and basic
knowledge in neuroscience is also required.
Students who intend to work on development
of prosthetic devices and man machine
interfaces are encouraged to listen the course.
II.
R
ESULTS
The lectures are based on earlier knowledge
in the field of human motor control research.
Additionally we employed our own research
and teaching experience and show examples
for solution to questions arised in human
motor control. It is presented, how anatomical,
biomechanical, physiological parameters of
human movements can be measured and
modeled. Furthermore we present on the
elaborated slides, how changes of the external
environment affect movement performance.
The students learn what kind of optimization
criteria might be employed by neural control
of human limb movements when the motor
task can be solved in an infinite number of
ways.
III.
METHODS
With elaborated 12 chapters, 444 slides
with lots illustrative figures and photos, such
as this below.
2011. 10. 18..
TÁMOP – 4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006
13
Neuromorph Movement Control:
Neuro and biomechanical characteristics and properties of muscles
www.itk.ppke.hu
Ultrasound based motion analyzer
Upper limb
Lower limb
3D coordinates of anatomical points
is computable
Figure
A sample slide from a particular chapter with
illustrative figures and pictures.
In the course different types of movement
analyzing systems are also presented to
illustrate how kinematic and muscle activity
patterns are measured and analyzed. It is also
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discussed how measurements can be compared
with predicted movement patterns based on
mathematical models. Examples for the design
and application of engineering methods in
medical rehabilitation like artificial control of
human movements are summarized.
The importance of modeling human
movements is increasing as modern methods
in informatics and engineering are available to
discern human movement characteristics that
were hidden before. The construction of
models of neural control and mechanical
execution of human movements helps the
diagnosis of movement disorders and predicts
the outcome of clinical intervention and
medical rehabilitation.
Introduction to Wireless Communication
Networking Technologies
Ad hoc and Sensor Networks
András Oláh
Péter Pázmány Catholic University
Faculty of Information Technology
Budapest, Hungary
olah@itk.ppke.hu
János Levendovszky
Budapest University of Technology and Economics
Department of Telecommunications
Péter Pázmány Catholic University
Faculty of Information Technology
Budapest, Hungary
levendov@hit.bme.hu
Summary— The purpose of the course “sen-
sor and ad hoc networks” is to provide a com-
prehensive introduction of wireless networking
technologies to the students. Besides the tech-
nological introduction the course gives an in-
sight into the protocols and the corresponding
algorithms which form the foundation of net-
working. Hence, the course material does not
only aim at taking stock of the current wireless
networking technologies but it also focuses on
the underlying principles. In this way, students
are exposed to the comprehensive foundations
of wireless communication which will help
them to adopt to emerging technologies and to
keep their knowledge up-to-date throughout
their later engineering career.
Keywords: wireless communications, ad hoc
networks, wireless sensor networks
I.
I
NTRODUCTION
The development of wireless communica-
tion has been exploded in the last ten years and
poses serious challenges to the traditional
wired communication. Two of the most re-
searched areas in the domain of wireless
communication are the ad hoc and sensor
networks.
The course objective is to introduce the
students to the foundations of wireless net-
working, highlighting its major challenges, its
engineering solutions and its main applica-
tions.
The main strength of the course material
that it managed to successfully integrate the
algorithmic foundations with up-to-the-minute
technologies. In this way the students can ob-
tain general skills and knowledge as well as
specific details about the current systems. The
course can be taught both in information tech-
nology and electrical engineering pro-
grammes, as it touches upon both protocol-
related and implementation oriented issues.
At the same time, the summary sections
give an overview of the knowledge the stu-
dents of the info-bionics programme require.
The material may serve as the first step in
the area for those students who have research
inclination and later want to further advance
their knowledge in the domain of wireless
networking.
II.
M
ATERIALS ALREADY AVAILABLE AND
USED FOR THE COURSE
The topics related to ad hoc networks is a
standard part of the curricula of other universi-
ties. But those courses do not detail the sens-
ing applications. In general they focus on the
challenges of wireless communication but do
not delve deep enough into the challenges of
applications.
On the one hand the course is a basic part
of the curriculum of the technical informatics
programme, especially for those students who
choose the Communication Engineering track.
On the other hand, it is strongly recommended
to those students in the programme of molecu-
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