Pathology of the urinary system

a) Pathogenesis 

 

   ∙ 

most cases of pyelonephritis in animals arise from an 

ascending bacterial infection

; and, therefore, 

are usually accompanied by ureteritis and cystitis; rarely, they may result from septic renal foci 

descending into the pelvis; 

   ∙ 

being a sequel to cystitis, which has a higher incidence in females, pyelonephritis is more common 

in females than in males; 

   ∙ 

bacteria ascend through the ureters (ureteritis) → renal pelvis → through collecting ducts and 

tubules into the renal parenchyma; 

 

   ∙ 

ascending bacterial infection is predisposed by