Pedagogika tarixi fan sifatida. Eng qadimgi davrlardan VII asrgacha ta’lim-tarbiya va pedagogik fikrlar. Reja

3.3. Abu Nasr Forobiy, Abu Rayhon Beruniy va Abu Ali ibn Sinoning
asarlaridagi pedagogik fikrlari ilmiy-pedagogik qarashlari.
Abu Nasr Forobiyning asarlaridagi pedagogik fikrlar. Asarlari: «Baxt-saodatga
erishuv to’g’risida», «Fozil odamlar shahri», «Aql ma’nolari haqida», «Shaharni
o’rganish haqida» va boshqalar.
Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Tarkhan ibn Awzalagh alFarabi was born in approximately ah 257/ad 870.
Al-Farabi became an expert in philosophy and logic, and also in music: one
of his works is entitled Kitab al-musiqa al-kabir (The Great Book of Music).
However, perhaps the book for which he is best known is that whose title is
abbreviated to al-Madina al-fadila (The Virtuous City), and which is often
compared, misleadingly in view of its Neoplatonic orientation, to Plato's Republic.
Other major titles from al-Farabi's voluminous corpus included the Risala fi'l-'aql
(Epistle on the Intellect), Kitab al-huruf (The Book of Letters) and Kitab ihsa' al-
'ulum (The Book of the Enumeration of the Sciences).1
Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Tarhan ibn Aalagh al-Forobiy
tahminan hijriy 257(milodiy 870 yilda) tug’ilgan. U haqli ravishda hamma
zamonlarda ham islom olamining buyuk faylasuflaridan biri sifatida tan olinadi.Al
Forobiy falsafa, mantiq sohalarida izlanishlar olb borgan, shu bilan birga musiqa
nazariyasiga oid Kitab al-musiqa al-kabir (Buyuk musiqa kitobi)ni yozgan. Biroq
uning eng mashhur asari “Madina al-fadila” (Fozil odamlar shahri)ni gayriplaton
yo’nalishi vakillari tomonidan Platon davlatchiligi bilan taqqoslaganlar.
Farobiyning ko’p tomli asarlari “Бахтсаодатгаэришувтўғрисида”, “Ихсо – ал -
улум”, “Илмларнингкелибчиқиши”, “Ақлмаъноларитўғрисида”asarlarni o’z
ichiga olgan.
Pedagogik qarashlari:
Forobiy birinchi bo’lib ta’lim va tarbiyaga ta’rif bergan olimdir: Ta’lim –
so’z va o’rganish bilangina amalga oshiriladi. Tarbiya – esa amaliyot, ish-tajriba
bilan amalga oshiriladi.
Ta’lim-tarbiya ikki yo’l bilan amalga oshiriladi: qanoatbaxsh,
1 http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H021.htm
ilxomlantiruvchi so’zlar va majbur etish.
hikmatni desa, uni yoshligidan boshlasin, so’zining ustidan
chiqsin, yomon ishlardan saqlanadigan bo’lsin, hiyonat, makr va hiylalardan uzoq
bo’lsin, diyonatli bo’lsin, ilm va ahli ilmdan mol-dunyosini ayamasin.
4. Inson yaxshi tarbiya ko’rmagan va turmushda yaxshi tajriba
orttirmagan bo’lsa, u ko’p narsalarni nazarga ilmay va ulardan jirkanadi. Bunday
narsalar unga noo’rin bo’lib ko’ringan narsalar zaruriy bo’lib chiqadi.