Preface to the lecture, 1

120

 

measured speed faster than light 

 

Fig. 6.14: The microwave experiment at the II. 

Physical Institute of the University of Cologne to 

measure speeds faster than light.

 

: Nimtz, G. : New Knowledge of Tunneling from Photonic Experiments, Proc. of 

the Adriatico Research Conference, 1996, World Scientific Publishing 

Company

 

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theory of objectivity

 

121

 

6 . 1 4  Interpretation of the measured speed faster than light

 

Now the attempt can be undertaken, to interpret the spectacular experiments, in which a

 

speed faster than light has been measured. It is reported

 that in experiments with

 

photons at the University of California in Berkeley on an average a speed of 1.7 times the

 

speed of light has been measured by Prof. Raymond Chiao and his co-workers. At the

 

Technical University of Vienna Prof. Dr. Ferenc Krausz already has obtained 2.4 times

 

the, according to Einstein at maximum obtainable, speed of light with tunnelling laser

 

light.

 

The first measurements of speeds faster than light have been carried out with microwaves 

at the University of Cologne

 by Prof. Dr. Gunter Nimtz and co-workers. They at first 

had published the measurement of a speed 2.5 times the speed of light. In the meantime 

they even have transmitted a symphony of Mozart with a speed almost 10 times the speed 

of light and with that have contradicted Einstein's hypothesis, according to which the 

speed of light in vacuum would be the highest possible speed for the transmission of 

signals. The different experiments only resemble each other in the point that the particles 

have to tunnel, because one has put a barrier in their way. This "tunnelling" apparently is 

the cause for obtaining speeds faster than light. With the prevailing physical view of life 

these measurement results are incompatible.

 

In the measurement set up in Cologne the microwaves are sent through a wave guide, 

which they pass with the speed of light. If a parts with narrowed cross-section is inserted, 

where the microwaves actually don't fit through at all, then the signal gets damped 

strongly. Now however arrives nevertheless a small part of the signal at the other end of 

the wire, but much faster than allowed, namely with the measurable speed faster than 

light.

 

The answer of the here presented potential vortex theory reads as follows: the waves 

picked up by the wave guide run up to the entry of the tunnel, in order to find out that they 

don't fit through. They are reflected or absorbed. A small part however rolls up to 

potential vortices and these fit through the tunnel. They however have to be compressed 

additionally. In the derivation of the photon (fig. 4.5 and 4.6) we had seen that the inner 

vortex always is faster than the bigger one, through which it slips through. The 

compression therefore causes an increase in speed. In flow dynamics is known an analogy: 

the Venturi-tube. The flow-technical potential vortices also confirm exactly this property. 

One can as well start with the Lorentz contraction (fig. 6.6, eq. 6.14*). This states that a 

particle moving with a higher speed actually becomes smaller and not only appears to be 

smaller as an optical deception of the observer. Because only smaller particles fit through 

the tunnel, the particles, measurable at the other end, must be correspondingly faster: quod 

erat demonstrandum. In the same manner also the experiments of Berkeley can be 

explained physically, because here is worked with photons from the start

. With that the 

process of rolling up the wave can be left out. The tunnel lets pass only compressed and 

therefore faster light particles.

 

:      R.Y.Chiao, P.G.Kwiat, A.M.Steinberg: Schneller als Licht? Spektrum der Wiss. 10/93

 

:      B. Schuh, Gespenstisch fixe Wellen, DIE ZEIT  Nr. 45, 5.11.93, S. 43.

 

:     Enders, A., Nimtz, G.: Photonic-tunneling experiments, Physical Review B,

 

Vol. 47, No. 15 (1993), pp. 96O5-96O9.

 

:     Enders, A., Nimtz, G.: Evanescent-mode propagation and quantum tunneling, 

Physical Review E, Vol. 48, No.l (1993), pp. 632-633.

 

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122

 

Definition of the speed of light

 

"The theory of relativity is not a physical theory... it is a mathe-

 

matical poetic idea, a deduction from impossible premises."

 

Oskar Kraus

 

"The theory of relativity is a mathematical masquerade, behind 

which is hidden an inextricable ball of a mixing up of ideas, 

contradictions, fallacies, arbitrary assumptions and ignoring of 

healthy logic."

 

Erich Ruckhaber

 

"The theory of relativity not only is fantastic, but also of an in- 

consistency which in the history of science not yet has been 

present."

 

Harald Nordenson

 

"A physics of hybrids, of contradictions and fantastic confusions,

 

nonsense!"

 

Johann Marinsek

 

"This is absurd."

 (regarding mass-energy interpretation) _________

 

Nikola Tesla

 

"In my experiments I have destroyed billions of atoms, without 

having observed any emissions of energy. "

<4i>

 

Nikola Tesla

 

Fig.   6.15:    Some statements regarding the theory of relativity.

 

:     Walter Theimer: Die Relativitatstheorie, Seite 7,   Francke Verlag, Bern, 1977,

 

ISBN 3-772O-126O-4 

:    Johann Marinsek: Rationale Physik, S. 163, dbv-Verlag TU Graz, 1989, ISBN

 

3-7O41-O176-1 

:   Nikola Tesla, To  Einstein's Theories,  Rare Book and  Manuscript Library,

 

Columbia University,   15.4.1932.  Entnommen aus J.T.Ratzlaff: Tesla Said,

 

Tesla Book Company, pp. 238, ISBN O-914119-OO-1 

<4i>:   Nikola Tesla, Franz Ferzak World and Space Publications 1985.

 

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