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of the feminist movements, particularly in the countries of Maghreb, of
which challenging activity was crowned by specific victories. In 1987, the
Team of Academician Women founded the Tunisian Association of
Women for Studies in Development to support and encourage studies by
women. The Tunisian Association of Women Democrats was founded in
1989 to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women [8]. In
Algeria, a range of independent women associations, such as the
Association for Equality of Men and Women, Association for Liberty of
Women, Association for Equality & Citizenship Issues, and Association
for Promotion & Protection of Women Rights were founded. Also, we
cannot refuse the fact of presence of individual activists – representatives
of the secular feminism in the Arabian world, who criticize the government
politics and advocates for activity of the women in the society, although
facing intimidation and pressure from the governing regimes. Considering
development of each individual Arabian country, activists of the secular
movement clearly contributed to development of their countries and
advancement of the women issue as active participants of mass actions
against the regimes in their countries as well.
The recent decades are characterized by the scale of Islamist
movement in the Middle East, of which representatives call for returning
back to the Islamic origin. Dissemination of religious organizations in
Egypt, Tunis, Libya and Syria has become the start of rethinking of the
public opinion on importance of structuring of the societies in compliance
with Islamic traditions and principles. Representatives of the secular
movement declare that human rights are universal and include all women,
irrespective of their religious views. Representatives of the Islamic
movement recognize that the role of women in their societies does not
meet the demands of today and think that the reason for it originates from
state politics, economic problems and preserved norms and traditions of
pre-Islamic societies in relation to women. Today, women Islamic
organizations have a political power, which increasingly plays an
important role in forming of the policies of these movements. In order to
assess the key role of women in these movements, the great attention that
the Islamic movement attaches to foundation of strong organizations,
dissemination of their messages, and provision of financial aid and medical
and educational services to those in need through their charity networks
should be considered [2, p.4]. They provide not the last assistance to
women in this area. Also, entitlement of voting rights to women in most of
the Arabian countries has made them participants of political processes and
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forced Islamists to consider the women‘s votes and the support that women
may provide during election companies. Some Islamic parties already
propose or have entered upon discussion of promotion of women
candidates at elections. Today, women do more than just raising the issue
of their role in these movements. They have also become initiators of
ambitious discussion about the role of women and their rights among
Moslem societies. Women activists of the Islamic movement try to get
answers to questions related to their activity and reach solution of the
problems that challenge and experience doubts of traditional views about
status of women. Today, representatives of this movement confirm that
protection of women rights is a part of protection of Islam and its
commands initially did not focus on obedience of women, but were
misrepresented by social and cultural norms which took priority of Islam.
From this perspective, fight for women rights is a fight for restoration of
Islam in its original form. Talking about opportunities and prospects of
women in Islamic parties we should note that not all parties share the view
of importance of promotion of the women issue. The position of the
leaders of the Movement of Moslem Brothers in Egypt and the Party of
An-Nahda in Tunisia in relation to this issue is a certain call of common
social and cultural norms. However, as shown from experience, even
conservative Islamists are not ready to move beyond these promises.
Coming to power after the Arabic Spring events, Islamists first announced
importance of supporting all previously achieved provisions in relation to
the legal status of women, but then insisted on adoption of laws complying
with Islamic norms and regulations. Possibly, actual changes in relation to
the status of women in Islamic movements will take place gradually and
this issue continues to remain quite questionable.
The new generation of women associations in Arabian countries
distinguish with their quality closeness to women issue, and the leaders of
the feminist movement underline that accomplishment of gender equality
and solution of the problems that women experience are parts of
democratic processes. Participation in the work of international
conferences such as the Conference on Environment & Development in
Rio-de-Janeiro (1992), Worldwide Conference on Human Rights held by
support of UN, Worldwide Conference on Human Rights in Vienna
(1993), International Conference on Population & Development in Cairo
(1994), Worldwide Summit for Social Development in Copenhagen (1995)
and Worldwide Conference of Women in Beijing (1995) enabled
development of the women movement and became an evidence that
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