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thereof is possible with the Russian Federation. Unions of the former
Soviet Union and the Commonwealth of Independent States, which are
outside the borders of Russia, autonomous regions have the possibility of
joining Russia, depending on the parliament's consent or the outcome of
the referendum. With this decision Russia's tougher policy in the South
Caucasus leads to the balanced foreign policy of the region's states that in
2002, Georgia reinforces its ties with the United States within the
framework of a new $ 64m budgeted program for "border security and
modernization of the armed forces."
The Rose Revolution in Georgia in 2003 and Mikhail Saakashvili's
coming to power in the 2004 elections led to the formation of a new
political line in the Russian-Georgian relations. During the election
campaign, a new course was determined by the Soros Foundation, a
number of foreign exchange institutions, international funds and
Saakashvili, who gained US support, from the prism of ethnic conflict in
Georgia. Particularly, the solution to the problem of Acaristan created
conditions for Abkhazia and South Ossetia to be able to create "conflict
Georgia" by integrating Georgia in this way. Since 2004 the country has
been governed by the "Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of
Adjara". According to this law, the Adarian Government (a parliament of
21 and a government consisting of 5 people) has the right to decide
independently in areas such as economics, healthcare, education,
agriculture, sports, culture [12].
Repression in the region has increased with the so-called presidential
elections in Abkhazia in 2004. Sergei Bagapsh won in the presidential
election despite his anti-Russian sentiment, saying he would go to Russia
with his first visit "only two independent states to meet with Georgia."
Generally, from the last years of Shevardnadze's rule, Russia has taken a
series of steps to intimidate Georgia:
1. Abkhazians were provided with Russian passports.
2. The construction of the Sochi-Sukhumi railway line was canceled
by abolishing the embargo on Abkhazia.
3. In 2006, the Adler border crossing between Abkhazia and Russia
was granted an international status. (This step is causing
dissatisfaction with Georgia because the only crossing point
between the two countries is Lars in the Kazbek region)
4. Supplies in military bases in Abkhazia have increased.
5. South Ossetia, Abkhazia, was recognized as an independent state at
the end of the 2008 "five-day war" and its support for the
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recognition of these states in the international arena was included in
the Russian National Security Concept.
In July 2004, Georgia offered a new merger plan to Abkhazia. Under
this plan, Abkhazia must give it a special status autonomy in exchange for
independence, a document of the Federal Agreement on the status of the
parties should be signed, and no change in the document will be allowed
without the consent of the other parties. Authority in matters relating to
defense, foreign policy, border security, customs services and serious
crimes (sales of weapons, psychotropic substances, international terrorism
etc.) will belong to Tiflis and in other matters - Sukhumi. There should not
be Abkhazia armed forces, it was just a police service, and the Abkhaz
youth had to serve in military units in Abkhazia only. However, the
proposal ended with a rejection.
In 2008, Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili offered a new
solution plan to Abkhazia. According to this proposal, the status of
autonomy within the territorial integrity of Georgia should be ensured,
representation of the status of the president connected to the Abkhaz
autonomy, Abkhazians should be given the right to veto decisions on the
language, culture and national values of the Abkhaz people in the Georgian
constitution, and establish a free trade zone in Gali and Ochamchira and so
on. But this proposal is also denied by Abkhazia.
The 08.08.2008 date should be considered the escalation of the
Abkhazian conflict as well as the stages of tension in the Russian-Georgian
relations. Also, during the Munich Security Conference, which was first
attended by Putin in 2007, he said the "unilateral world system was
unacceptable" [13]. Because the purpose of the war was to declare the
independence of the separatist regimes, and to return the lost position in
the Caucasus, generally in the region. In 2004, colored revolutions in
Ukraine, which included NATO's new enlargement process, Latvia,
Lithuania, Estonia, and who want to join the integration process in Europe
and then steadily integrate in Europe, have now been pushing Russia in the
region towards Russia's borders. There was almost no difference between
Georgia for Georgia, Ukraine's NATO membership, and the US
deployment of Jupiter missiles in Turkey. From this point of view, "5 day
war" is an important step for Russia to return to the region. Russia's
independence is recognized by Abkhazia and South Ossetia during the war.
In return, the United States unilaterally halted the negotiations on nuclear-
capable missiles that Russia wants to deploy in Poland and the Czech
Republic, and the then Foreign Minister Condeelezza Rice has reached an
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