RusHydro Group
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements as at and for the year ended
31 December 2015
(in millions of Russian Rubles unless noted otherwise)
59
Tax liabilities arising from transactions between companies are determined using actual transaction prices. It
is possible, with the evolution of the interpretation of the transfer pricing rules, that such transfer prices could
be challenged. The impact of any such challenge cannot be reliably estimated; however, it may be significant
to the financial position and/or the overall operations of the Group.
Management believes that as at 31 December 2015 its interpretation of the relevant legislation was
appropriate and the Group’s tax position would be sustained.
New provisions aimed at deoffshorisation of Russian economy have been added to the Russian tax
legislation and are effective from 1 January 2015. Specifically, they introduce new rules for controlled foreign
companies, a concept of beneficiary owner of income for the purposes of application of preferential
provisions of taxation treaties of the Russian Federation, a concept of tax residency for foreign persons and
taxation of indirect sale of Russian real estate assets.
The Group is currently assessing the effects of new tax rules on the Group's operations and takes necessary
steps to comply with the new requirements of the Russian tax legislation. However, in view of the recent
introduction of the above provisions and insufficient related administrative and court practice, at present the
probability of claims from Russian tax authorities and probability of favourable outcome of tax disputes (if
they arise) cannot be reliably estimated. Tax disputes (if any) may have an impact on the Group's financial
position and results.
Environmental matters. The Group’s subsidiaries and their predecessor entities have operated in the
utilities industry in the Russian Federation for many years. The enforcement of environmental regulation in
the Russian Federation is evolving and the enforcement posture of government authorities is continually
being reconsidered. The Group’s subsidiaries periodically evaluate their obligations under environmental
regulations. Group accrued assets retirement obligation for ash damps used by the Group which is included
in other non-current liabilities and other accounts payable and comprised RR 683 million as at 31 December
2015 (31 December 2014: RR 653 million).
Potential liabilities might arise as a result of changes in legislation and regulation or civil litigation. The impact
of these potential changes cannot be estimated but could be material. In the current enforcement climate
under existing legislation, management believes that there are no significant liabilities for environmental
damage.
Guarantees. The Group has issued guarantees for CJSC Boguchansky Aluminium Plant in favour of its
suppliers for future equipment deliveries and for OJSC Boguchanskaya HPP in favour of the State
Corporation Vnesheconombank for the loan facility:
Counterparty
31 December 2015 31 December 2014
for OJSC Boguchanskaya HPP:
State Corporation Vnesheconombank
27,398
28,106
for CJSC Boguchansky Aluminium Plant:
ALSTOM Grid SAS
77
134
Total guarantees issued
27,475
28,240
Note 29.
Financial risk management
The risk management function within the Group is carried out in respect of financial and operational risks.
Financial risk comprise market risk (including currency risk, interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk.
The primary objectives of the financial risk management function are to provide reasonable assurance for
achievement of the Group’s objectives by establishing Group’s overall framework, identifying, analyzing and
evaluating risks, establishing risk limits, and then ensuring that exposure to risks stays within these limits and
in case of exceeding these limits to impact on the risks.
In order to optimise the Group’s exposure to risks, the Company constantly works on their identification,
assessment and monitoring, as well as the development and implementation of activities which impact on the
risks, business continuity management and insurance, seeks to comply with international and national
standards of advanced risk management (COSO ERM 2004, ISO 31000 and others), increases the culture of
risk management and continuously improves risk management.
RusHydro Group
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements as at and for the year ended
31 December 2015
(in millions of Russian Rubles unless noted otherwise)
60
Credit risk. Credit risk is the risk of financial loss for the Group in the case of non-fulfillment by the
Contractor of the obligations on the financial instrument under the proper contract. Exposure to credit risk
arises as a result of the Group’s sales of products on credit terms and other transactions with counterparties
giving rise to financial assets.
The Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk by class of assets is reflected in the carrying amounts of
financial assets in the Note 32.
Although collection of receivables could be influenced by economic factors, management believes that there
is no significant risk of loss to the Group beyond the provision for impairment of receivables already
recorded.
There is no independent rating for the Group’s customers and therefore the Group considers the credit
quality of customers at the contract execution stage. The Group considers their financial position and credit
history. The Group monitors the existing receivables on a continuous basis and takes actions regularly to
ensure collection or to minimise losses.
To reduce the credit risk in the wholesale electricity and capacity markets the Group has introduced
marketing policy and procedure to calculate internal ratings of counterparties in the unregulated market,
based on the frequency of default, and to establish limits based on the rating of the customers’ portfolio.
The Group’s management reviews ageing analysis of outstanding trade receivables and follows up on past
due balances. Management therefore considers it appropriate to provide past due accounts receivable and
other information about credit risk as disclosed in Note 12.
Cash has been deposited in the financial institutions with no more than minimal exposure to the default risk
at the time of account opening. Management of the Group approved the list of banks for deposits, as well as
rules for their placement. Moreover, management constantly evaluates the financial condition, ratings
assigned by independent agencies, background and other factors of such banks.
The tables in Notes 10, 11 and 14 show deposits with banks and other financial institutions and their ratings
at the end of the reporting period.
Credit risk for financial guarantees is defined as the possibility of sustaining a loss as a result of another
party to a financial instrument failing to perform in accordance with the terms of the contract. The Group uses
the same credit policies in assuming conditional obligations as it does for other financial instruments, through
established credit approvals, risk control limits and monitoring procedures.
The Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk for financial guarantees was RR 27 475 million as at
31 December 2015 (31 December 2014: RR 28,240 million) (Note 28).
Market risk. The Group takes on exposure to market risks. Market risks arise from open positions in
(i) foreign currencies, (ii) interest bearing assets and liabilities, all of which are exposed to general and
specific market movements. Management sets limits on the value of risk that may be accepted, which is
monitored on a regular basis. However, the use of this approach does not prevent losses outside of these
limits in the event of more significant market movements.
Sensitivities to market risks included below are based on a change in a factor while holding all other factors
constant. In practice this is unlikely to occur and changes in some of the factors may be correlated.
Currency risk. Electricity and capacity produced by the Group is sold on the domestic market of the Russian
Federation at the prices fixed in Russian Rubles. Hence, the Group does not have significant foreign
currency exchange risk. The financial condition of the Group, its liquidity, financing sources and the results of
operations do not considerably depend on currency rates as the Group operations are planned to be
performed in such a way that its assets and liabilities are to be denominated in the national currency.
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