SaqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti biznes-inJineringis fakulteti ekonikuri kvlevis meTodebi

8. eqsperimenti socialur kvlevebSi

vidre ekonomikuri eqsperimentirebis sirTuleebze daviwyebdiT saubars, aucilebelia, saerTod socialuri eqsperimentirebis problemebze SevCerdeT, aseve imaze, Tu rogor tardeba eqsperimentebi sxvadasxva socialur mecnierebebSi da ra sirTuleebs aqvs iq adgili.

socialuri eqsperimenti aris raime socialuri movlenis kvleva masze aqtiuri zemoqmedebis gziT. amasTan, an iqmneba raime axali socialuri pirobebi mocemuli eqsperimentis miznebis Sesabamisad da icvleba socialuri progresis mimdinareoba saWiro mimarTulebiT, an Tavad socialuri procesi ikvlavwarmoeba xelovnurad misi modelirebis meSveobiT.

SesaZloa sxva ganmartebis motanac:

„mecnierebaSi socialuri eqsperimenti aris kvlevis iseTi meTodi, romlis ZiriTadi amocanac aris socialuri faqtebis Sesaxeb hipoTezis Semowmeba im pirobebSi, romlis drosac SesaZlebelia yvelaze mokle droSi da mcire xarjebiT iqnas „sufTa saxiT“ aRmoCenili, gazomili da dadasturebuli an uaryofili movlenebs Soris Sesabamisi kavSirebis arseboba“. ⁴⁰

yvela socialuri eqsperimenti SesaZloa daiyos sagnobriv (nivTobrivi) da azrobriv (idealuri) eqsperimentebad. SemdgomSi Cven visaubrebT mxolod sagnobriv (nivTobriv) eqsperimentebze.

am eqsperimentebis CatarebisaTvis Semdegi saxis problemebi aRmocendeba:

eqsperimenti dakavSirebulia sxva individebTanac da amitom mas yovelTvis aqvs moraluri da samarTlebrivi SezRudulobani.

sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, socialuri eqsperimentebis Catareba SesaZloa dakavSirebul iyos adamianis uflebebis darRvevasTan. es, SeiZleba iyos, magaliTad, piradi uflebebi - cxovrebis ufleba, usafrTxoebis ufleba, samedicino daxmarebis miRebis ufleba, an magaliTad, SesaZloa es iyos ekonomikuri uflebebi - muSaobis ufleba, sawarmoo tramvis miRebis SemTxvevaSi sadazRvevo uzrunvelyofis ufleba, samuSaos dakargvis SemTxvevaSi umuSevrobis Semweobis miRebis ufleba da sxv. ama Tu im individis socialur eqsperimentSi CarTvas ar SeiZleba hqondes iZulebiTi xasiaTi: mocemuli individis monawileoba mxolod nebayoflobiTi unda iyos, socialuri eqsperimentis monawileni, praqtikulad yvela SemTxvevaSi, moxaliseebi (volonterebi) unda iyvnen.

garda amisa, socialuri eqsperimentebi unda tardebodes kanonisa da moralis normebis uxeSi darRvevebis gareSe.

zemoT naTqvami exeba ekonomikur eqsperimentebsac. misi monawileebi unda iyvnen volonterebi da eqsperimentis Catarebam ar unda gamoiwvios iuridiuli an moraluri Sedegebi rogorc organizatorisaTvis, ise TviT monawileebisaTvis.

2. am saxis eqsperimentebs aqvT mravali sirTule kvlavwarmoebis TvalsazrisiT; socialuri eqsperimentebis didi nawili SeiZleba mxolod erTxel an ramdenjerme Catardes; yvela socialuri eqsperimenti tardeba konkretul socialur-istoriul pirobebSi, socialuri eqsperimentebis mravalgzisi kvlavwarmoeba erTsa da imave pirobebSi, praqtikulad, SeuZlebelia.

socialuri movlenebi, sazogadod, miekuTvneba rTulad kvlavwarmoebad fenomens. sazogadoebrivi garemo, romelSic tardeba eqsperimenti, ukiduresad aramdgradia, da Tu SesaZlebeli xdeba erTi da imave eqsperimentis ramdenjerme kvlavwarmoeba, es, ase Tu ise mainc dakavSirebulia eqsperimentis Catarebis pirobebis cvlilebebTan. socialuri garemos laboratoriis Seqmna ki, sadac yovelTvis erTi da igive ucvleli pirobebi iqneboda, metad Sromatevadi saqmea da moiTxovs uzarmazar investiciebs.

3. zogierTma socialurma eqsperimentma SesaZloa arasasurveli Sedegebi gamoiwvios sazogadoebasa da garemo pirobebze.

socialurma eqsperimentma SeiZleba daazaralos aRniSnul eqsperimentSi monawile individi. garda amisa, man SeiZleba arakeTilsasurvelad imoqmedos im adamianebze, romlebic saerTod ar monawileoben masSi, an daazianos bunebrivi da socialuri garemo, romlis farglebSic tardeba eqsperimenti. Sedegebi aq SesaZloa saerTod winaswarganusazRvreli iyos - iseTi, romlis winaswar gaTvaliswineba saerTod SeuZlebelia. depresia, fsiqiuri gadaxra, socialuri konfliqtebi, garemos dabinZureba da sxva aris socialuri eqsperimentis SesaZlo Sedegebi. amitomaa, rom nebismieri socialuri eqsperimenti mkacrad kontrolirebadi unda iyos, raTa gamoricxul iqnas msgavsi movlenebi.

socialuri eqsperimentis kidev erTi problemaa im obieqtebis „neitralurobis“ miRweva, romlebzedac tardeba eqsperimenti. j. keinzi werda, rom „cdebs, romlebic moiTxoven adamianebis Segnebul moqmedebas, uaryofiTi mxare aqvT, rac imaSi mdgomareobs, rom pirebi, romlebic cdis obieqtebi arian, Tavad SeiZleba iyvnen dainteresebulni mis SedegebSi“.⁴¹

aseTi dainteresebuloba SesaZloa gamowveuli iyos sxvadasxva faqtoriT: ideologiuri, emociuri, fsiqologiuri da sxv. aseTi faqtorebis moZieba da maTi Semdgomi gamoricxva eqsperimentidan aris nebismieri socialuri eqsperimentis Catrebis wina, mosamzadebeli etapi.

sainteresoa sakiTxi, Tu rogor gamoiyeneba socialuri eqsperimenti sxvadasxva socialur mecnierebaSi da romel maTganSia is yvelaze efeqtiani.

ra saocaric ar unda iyos, socialuri mecnierebebis mniSvnelovani nawili Tavs aridebs eqsperimentebis Catarebas, ramdenadac, zemoCamoTvlili mizezebis gamo, maTi gamoyeneba an metad rTulia, an saerTod SeuZlebelia. aseT mecnierebebs magaliTad, miekuTvneba: filosofia, kulturologia, istoria, anTropologia, eTnografia, politologia.

es garemoeba sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom aRniSnuli mecnierebebi saerTod ar sargebloben socialuri eqsperimentebis monacemebiT. ama Tu im zomiT, isini analizisaTvis iyeneben sxva socialur mecnierebebSi Caterebuli eqsperimentebis monacemebs, magaliTad, sociologiis, fsiqologiis, pedagogikis da sxv.

sociologia, fsiqologia da pedagogika aris mecnierebani, romlebic met-naklebad warmatebiT iyeneben eqsperimentirebis meTods Tavis sferoSi da am mimarTulebiT aqvT ufro meti warmatebac.

sociologiuri eqsperimenti aris adamianebis socialuri urTierTqmedebis gamokvleva aseT urTierTqmedebaze aqtiuri zemoqmedebiT an misTvis xelovnuri pirobebis SeqmniT.

sociologiuri (aseve fsiqologiuri) eqsperimentebis umravlesoba igeba eqsperimentuli cvladis Ziebis principze, rodesac erTmeneTs udardeba ori (an meti) sociologiuri obieqti. rogorc wesi, am obieqtTagan romelime asrulebs eqsperimentalur funqcias, meore ki - kontrolis funqcias. orive funqciis Sedarebidan gamodis mocemuli eqsperimentis Sedegi. sociologiisaTvis mTavaria, rom man miiRos mTeli kvlevisTvis mniSvnelovani Sedegi.

„kvlevis warumatebloba mis uaryofiT SedegSi ki ar gamoisaxeba - zogjer mas ufro meti mniSvneloba aqvs, vidre dadebiT Sedegs, aramed warumatebloba gamoixateba arafrismTqmeli monacemebis miRebaSi“. ⁴²

sociologisTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs irib dakvirvebas, rodesac mimdinareobs e.w. kvazieqsperimentuli Tvisebebis Zieba: aseTma Tvisebebma zogjer SeiZleba ufro meti misces mkvlevars, vidre Tavad eqsperimentuli monacemebis Seswavlam.

„albaT ar iqneba marTebuli, rom muzeumis damTvaliereblebs hkiTxon, moswonT Tu ara maT impresionistebi. amis nacvlad sociologebi cdiloben mxatvruli tiloebis win iatakis laqis gacveTilobis xarisxi gazomon.“⁴³

fsiqologiuri eqsperimenti aris adamianis fsiqologiuri Tvisebebis gamokvleva maT qcevaze aqtiuri zemoqmedebis gziT an maTi gamovlenisaTvis gansazRvruli xelovnuri pirobebis SeqmniT.

xSir SemTxvevaSi fsiqologiuri eqsperimentis Catarebisas fsiqiuri dinamikis Semdegi saxeebis kvleva mimdinareobs, kerZod:

1. 
   individebis qceva;
   
2. 
   individebis enobrivi Segneba, Semecneba;
   
3. 
   emociuri mdgomareobis eqspresiuli formebi;
   
4. 
   pirovnebis biografiuli gza.
   

fsiqologiuri eqsperimenti fsiqologebisaTvis mniSvnelovania sami Tvisebis gamo: eTikurobis, ekonomiurobisa da mkvlevaris SesaZleblobisaTvis, gamoavlinos sakuTari aqtiuroba.

Tumca, zogierTi mkvlevari uaryofda da dResac uaryofs eqsperimentuli fsiqologiis, rogorc fsiqologiis gansakuTrebul mimarTulebis arsebobas mainc unda aRiniSnos, rom aseTi mimarTuleba arsebobs, xolo misi bazisia fsiqologiuri eqsperimentis meTodi.

pedagogiuri eqsperimenti aris swavlebisa da aRzrdis meTodebis kvleva ganaTlebisa da aRzrdis procesSi aqtiuri Carevis saSualebiT, an aRmzrdelebisa da mowafeebisaTvis xelovnuri pirobebis Seqmnis gziT axali kvleviTi monacemebis miRebis mizniT.

pedagogiuri eqsperimenti farTod gamoiyeneba swavlebis Tanamedrove wesebSi da dRevandel saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi miRebuli mravali socialuri praqtika (mag., reitinguli sistema, testireba, distanciuri swavleba da sxv.) swored pedagogiuri eqsperimentidan ganviTarda.

da bolos, socialur eqsperimentebs Soris gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia ekonomikur eqsperiments.