TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
4.4. RISK CHARACTERIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
4.4.1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
4.4.2. Terrestrial Organisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
4.4.3. Aquatic Organism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
5. REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Toxicity of Sethoxydim and Poast to experimental mammals.
Appendix 2: Toxicity of Sethoxydim and Poast to birds.
Appendix 3: Toxicity of Sethoxydim and Poast to aquatic organisms.
WORKSHEETS
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment 1: Documentation for Worksheets Version 2.02 -
Human Health and Ecological
Risk Assessments.
Attachment 2: Documentation for the Use of GLEAMS and Auxiliary Programs,
SERA AT 2000-01b, dated September 24, 2000.
iv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1 Selected Physical and Chemical properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Table 3-1 Summary of Exposure Assessments for Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23
Table 3-2 Summary of Exposure Assessments for the General Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24
Table 3-3 Specific Parameters Used in GLEAMS Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25
Table 3-4 Estimated concentrations of sethoxydim in a small stream based on GLEAMS
modeling with different soil types and annual rainfall
rates and using a normalized
application rate of 1 lb/acre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26
Table 3-5 Estimated concentrations of sethoxydim in a small pond based on GLEAMS
modeling with different soil types and annual rainfall rates and using a normalized
application rate of 1 lb/acre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
Table 3-6 Summary of risk characterization for workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
Table 3-7 Summary of risk characterization for the general public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29
Table 4-1 Summary of Exposure Scenarios for Terrestrial Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21
Table 4-2 Summary of toxicity values used in ecological risk assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22
Table 4-3 Summary of quantitative risk characterization for terrestrial animals . . . . . . . . . 4-23
Table 4-4 Quantitative Risk Characterization for Aquatic Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
v
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS
a.e.
acid equivalents
a.i.
active ingredient
AEL
adverse-effect level
APHIS
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
ARS
Agricultural
Research Station
ATSDR
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
BCF
bioconcentration
factor
bw
body weight
cm
centimeter
DG
dispersible granules
EC
50
concentration causing 50%
inhibition of a process
EC
100
concentration causing complete inhibition of a process
EIS
environmental impact statement
F
female
F
1
first filial generation
FH
Forest Health
FQPA
Food Quality Protection Act
FS
Forest Service
g
gram
GC
gas
chromatography
GRAS
generally recognized as safe
HQ
hazard quotient
IARC
International Agency for Research on Cancer
IRIS
Integrated Risk Information System
i.p.
intraperitoneal
kg
kilogram
K
o/c
organic carbon
partition coefficient
K
ow
octanol-water partition coefficient
K
p
skin permeability coefficient
L
liter
lb
pound
LC
50
lethal concentration, 50% mortality
LD
50
lethal dose, 50% mortality
LD
95
lethal dose, 95% mortality
LOAEL
lowest-observed-adverse-effect level
m
meter
M
male
mg
milligram
mg/kg/day
milligrams of agent per kilogram
of body weight per day
mL
milliliter
MSDS
material safety data sheet
MW
molecular weight
NCI
National Cancer Institute
NOAEL
no-observed-adverse-effect level
vi
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS (continued)
NOEC
no-observed-effect concentration
NOEL
no-observed-effect level
NRC
National
Research Council
OPP
Office of Pesticide Programs
ORD
Office of Research and Development
OTS
Office of Toxic Substances
ppm
parts per million
RBC
red blood cells
RfD
reference dose
UF
uncertainty factor
U.S.
United States
U.S. EPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
USDA
United States Department of Agriculture
>
greater than
$
greater than or
equal to
<
less than
#
less than or equal to
=
equal to
•
approximately equal to
vii