Step-by-Step wsh risk Management Implementation Guide

Step-by-Step Guide on Risk Management

• For Logistics and Transport Sector

• Legends

• Objectives

• Risk Management Regulations

• Overview of Risk Management

• Roles and Responsibilities

• Risk Management Process

• References

• Contents

• Note: Please click ( ) on the individual tab for more information

• Risk Management (RM)
• Leader

• RM Members

• RM Team

• RA Team

• Risk Assessment (RA)
• Leader

• RA Members

• Samples

• Forms

• Video Clips

• Legends

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This Guide aims to provide basic guidance in implementing risk management (RM) at workplaces.

• This Guide aims to provide basic guidance in implementing risk management (RM) at workplaces.
• Potential incidents can be prevented when hazards are identified and risks are managed.

• Objectives

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The WSH (Risk Management) Regulations is one of the key components of the Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Act.

• The WSH (Risk Management) Regulations is one of the key components of the Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Act.
• Under the Regulations, all workplaces are required to conduct risk assessments for routine and non-routine work.

• Risk Management Regulations

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Risk Management involves

• Risk Management involves
• identifying and analysing safety and health hazards associated with work;
• assessing the risks involved;
• prioritising measures to control the hazards and reduce the risks;
• controlling and monitoring the risks; and
• communicating these risks to all affected persons.

• Overview of Risk Management

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• Roles and Responsibilities

• Employer

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Roles and Responsibilities of an Employer
TASK	DETAILS
Risk Control Measures (RCM)	Require all reasonably practicable steps to be taken to eliminate/minimize any foreseeable risk Require RCM to be implemented according to the hierarchy of control Support the implementation of RCM
Risk Register	Require Risk Register to be updated and available at all time
RA Records	Ensure RA records are kept for 3 years from the approval date
Contractors / suppliers	Require contractors / suppliers to conduct RA and implement risk control measures for work carried out by them at the workplace

• Employer

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• Manager

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Roles and Responsibilities of a Manager
TASK	DETAILS
Risk Control Measures (RCM)	Prepare an action plan to implement RCM Ensure RCM are carried out and monitor their effectiveness Ensure safe work procedures (SWP) are available for all operations and implemented Review RA if the RCM are inadequate and ineffective
Risk Register	Ensure risk register is updated and available at all time

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• Manager

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• Manager

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• Human Resource Manager

• 1In the absence of a Human Resource Manager in the organisation, the equivalent person undertaking such a work profile of the Human Resource Manager should execute the duties mentioned above

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• Human Resource Manager

Roles and Responsibilities of an Employee
TASK	DETAILS
Risk Assessment (RA)	Understand the hazards and possible injury / ill-health for carrying out activities assigned to him
Risk Control Measures (RCM)	Comply with all risk control measures Adhere to safe work procedures established at the workplace
Communication	Inform Manager of : new hazards / risks and ways to reduce hazards / risks, or any shortcomings in the safe work procedures or risk control measures Report any unsafe behaviour of other workers

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• Employee

• Must be Available upon Request
• Kept for at least 3 years

• Record-keeping

• Form Team
• Gather Relevant Information
• Identify Tasks of Each Process

• Preparation

• Obtain Employer / Management Approval
• Implement Control Measures
• Communicate the Hazards and their Controls
• Audit / Regular Inspections

• Implementation

• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk Assessment

• Risk Management Process

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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• Review RA on a Regular Basis

• Review

• 5

• Communicate

I. Form Team

• I. Form Team
• A. Appointment of RM Team
• A1. Employer to:
• Appoint a RM Leader
• Appoint RM Members
• Ensure RM Team is trained and competent in risk management
• Engage RM Consultant to assist RM Team if further assistance is required

• Form Team
• Identify Tasks of Each Process
• Gather Relevant Information

• Preparation

• 1

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• A2. Prerequisite and Roles of a:

Prerequisite

Senior member of the workplace Good knowledge of work activities Competent in RM Attended a RM course

Roles

Lead and coordinate RM implementation Provide RA updates and risk control measures to employer Obtain approval from Employer / Manager for the implementation of risk control measures

• RM Leader

• Form Team
• Identify Tasks of Each Process
• Gather Relevant Information

• Preparation

• 1

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• Form Team
• Identify Tasks of Each Process
• Gather Relevant Information

• Preparation

• 1

Prerequisite

Good knowledge of work activities Competent in RM Attended a RM course

• RM Members

• A3. Prerequisite and Composition of:

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• Form Team
• Identify Tasks of Each Process
• Gather Relevant Information

• Preparation

• 1

• A4. Main Function of RM Team:

• RM Leader

• RM Members

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• Form Team
• Identify Tasks of Each Process
• Gather Relevant Information

• Preparation

• 1

• Appointment of RA Team
• B1. RM Team to:
• Appoint RA Leaders among the RM Members
• Assist RA Leaders if further assistance is needed

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• Form Team
• Identify Tasks of Each Process
• Gather Relevant Information

• Preparation

• 1

• B2. Prerequisite and Roles of a:

Prerequisite

A member of RM Team

Roles

Form RA Team Lead and co-ordinate RA implementation Provide update to RM Team on RA implementation and risk control measures

• RA Leader

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• Form Team
• Identify Tasks of Each Process
• Gather Relevant Information

• Preparation

• 1

• RA Members

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Prerequisite

Good knowledge of the work activities

Composition

Comprise staff/workers involved in the work, as well as contractors, suppliers and other persons who are familiar with the work

• B3. Prerequisite and Composition of:

• Form Team
• Identify Tasks of Each Process
• Gather Relevant Information

• Preparation

• 1

Function

Conduct RA within the areas assigned by RM Team Determine if the hazards could bring harm beyond their work area Prepare Inventory of Work Activities

• RA Leader

• RA Members

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• B4. Main Function of RA Team

• Note: A RM Member is not necessary a RA Leader

• Form Team
• Identify Tasks of Each Process
• Gather Relevant Information

• Preparation

• 1

• Relationship between RM Team and RA Team

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• RA Team

• RM Team

• RA Team

• RA Leader who is also a RM Member

• RA Leader who is also a RM Member

II. Identify Tasks of Each Process

• Form Team
• Identify Tasks of Each Process
• Gather Relevant Information

• Preparation

• 1

• II. Identify Tasks of Each Process
• RM Team to set RA scope
• Divide the workplace into few a distinct areas
• Assign RA Team for each distinct area
• RA Team to prepare Inventory of Work Activity (IWA)
• Prepare IWA form for area(s) assigned by RM Team
• IWA form to include activity inventory, location, process and activity

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III. Gather Relevant Information

• III. Gather Relevant Information
• A. RM Team to gather information related to RM scoping :
• Workplace layout plan
• Process or work flowchart
• List of work activities in the process

• Form Team
• Identify Tasks of Each Process
• Gather Relevant Information

• Preparation

• 1

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• Form Team
• Identify Tasks of Each Process
• Gather Relevant Information

• Preparation

• 1

• Note: The above information ONLY serve as a guide

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• B. RA Teams to gather information on RA process :
• List of tools, machinery and chemicals used
• Records of past incidents & accidents
• Observations, interviews and feedback on WSH related matters
• WSH inspection records and audit reports
• Manufacturer’s instruction manual including safety data sheets
• Relevant legislation, Codes of Practice and specifications
• Details of existing risk control measures
• Safe work procedures
• Copies of previous RA
• Medical conditions (e.g. allergy) of workers
• Past training records of employees

• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

• Risk Assessment is a process of :
• Identifying and analysing safety and health hazards associated with work;
• Assessing the risks involved; and
• Prioritising measures to control the hazards and reduce the risks
• Risk Assessment must be available for all work activities

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• I. Hazard Identification
• A. What is a Hazard ?
• Anything, any source or any situation with the potential to cause bodily injury or ill-health

• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

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• B. How to Identify Hazard?
• B1. RA Leader to determine ways to identify hazards
• brainstorming
• process review
• B2. RA Team to determine sources of hazards
• physical
• mechanical
• electrical
• B3. RA Team to consider if the hazards could cause harm beyond their immediate area of work

• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

• chemical
• biological
• psychosocial

• process hazard analysis
• job observations & job safety analysis

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• B. How to Identify Hazard?
• B4. Organisational Culture and Personal Risk Factors
• RA should consider organisational culture and personal risk factors that could compromise employees’ work ability and safety (e.g., decreased mental alertness, fatigue, loss of concentration).
• Risk control measures can be implemented to take into account varying perceptions and behaviour.
• Examples of Work Organisation Factors:
• excessive workload
• prolonged working hours

• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

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• lack of adequate training
• inadequate acclimatisation to hot work environments

• B. How to Identify Hazard?
• Examples of Individual Health Risk Factors:
• health risks uncovered from medical examinations
• individual susceptibility to certain health risks
• smoking as a risk factor for many diseases
• health effects of alcohol misuse

• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

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• C. How to Identify Risk?
• C1. List all work activities from the Inventory of Work Activities (IWA) form in the ‘Sub-Activity’ column

• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

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• C2. List all hazards for each sub-activity in the ‘Hazard’ column

• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

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• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

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• C3. List all possible injuries / ill-health in the ‘Possible Injury /
• Ill-health’ column

• II. Risk Evaluation
• A. What is a Risk?
• The likelihood that a hazard will cause a specific bodily injury to any person

• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

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• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

• B. How to Evaluate Risk?
• B1. List all existing control measures for each injury / ill-health in the ‘Existing Risk Controls’ column

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• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

• B2. Rate the most likely severity outcome of the injury in the ‘S’ column
• B3. Rate the likelihood that the hazard may cause the injury/ill-health in the ‘L’ column
• B4. Multiply the ‘S’ and ‘L’ columns in the Risk Prioritisation Number (RPN) column

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• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

• B5. Compare the ‘RPN’ against the Risk Matrix
• B6. RA Team to take action according to the recommended actions based on the current risk level

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• Risk Evaluation based on Code of Practice on Risk Management (1 of 2)

• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

• A guide to severity rating

• A guide to likelihood rating

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• Risk Evaluation based on Code of Practice on Risk Management (2 of 2)

• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

• 5x5 Risk matrix with numeric ratings

• Recommended action for risk levels

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• Risk Evaluation for Health Hazards
• Estimate employees’ exposure to health hazards where appropriate via established qualitative or quantitative assessments
• Compare exposure estimates to established Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) or other health standards to establish likelihood of ill-health effects
• Consider relevant risk factors (see slides 43 and 44)
• Consider other factors such as potential cumulative exposure and synergistic effects, where applicable

• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

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• Risk Factors of Health Hazards (1 of 2)

• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

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• Risk Factors of Health Hazards (2 of 2)

• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

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• III. Risk Control
• What is Additional Risk Control?
• To eliminate, reduce or confine the risk to an acceptable level

• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

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• B. How to Control Risk?

• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

• B1. Consider more effective measures in the hierarchy of control

• ELIMINATION

• PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

• SUBSTITUTION

• ENGINEERING CONTROLS

• ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS

• Most Effective

• Least Effective

• Change the Work Process

• Provide Hearing Protectors

• Replace Metal Gears with Pulley with Belt

• Implement Noisy Machine Enclosure

• Implement Work Rotation

• Hierarchy of Control

• Examples for Noise Control

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• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

• B2. List all possible controls in the ‘Additional Controls’ column
• B3. Re-evaluate severity ‘S’, likelihood ‘L’ and ‘RPN’ scores

• Existing risk level

• New risk level
• (Note: New risk level should not be higher after the additional controls)

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• Hazard Identification
• Risk Evaluation
• Risk Control

• Risk
• Assessment

• 2

• B4. Identify specific person to lead the implementation of additional controls and due date
• B5. Record due-date for implementation
• B6. Implementation person to provide progress updates to RA Team

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Obtain Employer / Management Approval

• Obtain Employer / Management Approval
• Communicate the Hazards and their Controls
• Implement Control Measures
• Audit / Regular Inspections
• Review RA on a Regular Basis

• Obtain Employer / Management Approval
• Manager to :
• Approve RA form
• Prepare an action plan to implement the measures
• Implement the recommended risk control measures
• Monitor the action plan

• Implementation
• and Review

• 3

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• Obtain Employer / Management Approval
• Communicate the Hazards and their Controls
• Implement Control Measures
• Audit / Regular Inspections
• Review RA on a Regular Basis

• Implementation
• and Review

• 3

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• II. Communicate the Hazards and their Controls
• Manager to Inform All Persons Exposed to the Risk about :
• The nature of risks
• Any measures / safe work procedures implemented
• Means to minimise / eliminate the risks

• Obtain Employer / Management Approval
• Communicate the Hazards and their Controls
• Implement Control Measures
• Audit / Regular Inspections
• Review RA on a Regular Basis

• Implementation
• and Review

• 3

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• Examples of Communication Channel :
• Toolbox meeting / briefing before the start of any work
• Tools
• Typical Day for a Prime Mover Driver and Forklift Operator
• Safe Driving of Vehicles
• Case Studies - Crushed by gantry crane
• Case Studies for Logistics and Transport Industry
• Training Slides - Safe Loading on Vehicles

• Obtain Employer / Management Approval
• Communicate the Hazards and their Controls
• Implement Control Measures
• Audit / Regular Inspections
• Review RA on a Regular Basis

• Implementation
• and Review

• 3

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• III. Implement Control Measures
• Manager to :
• Implement risk control measures
• Ensure an action plan is available, monitored and implemented (including timeline and person in charge)
• Ensure risk control measures are implemented and effective

• Obtain Employer / Management Approval
• Communicate the Hazards and their Controls
• Implement Control Measures
• Audit / Regular Inspections
• Review RA on a Regular Basis

• Implementation
• and Review

• 3

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• IV. Audit / Regular Inspections
• Manager to :
• Ensure regular inspection and audits are carried out so that the risk control measures are implemented and effective

• Obtain Employer / Management Approval
• Communicate the Hazards and their Controls
• Implement Control Measures
• Audit / Regular Inspections
• Review RA on a Regular Basis

• Implementation
• and Review

• 3

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• V. Review RA on a Regular Basis
• Manager to :
• Review / Revise RA at least once every 3 years, or
• after an incident, near miss or dangerous occurrence;
• a significant change in the work processes, facilities, work practices or work procedures, or change in workplace condition and layout (e.g.: introduction of new machinery, or chemicals or raw materials); or
• new information on WSH risk

• Must be Available upon Request
• Keep for at least 3 years

• Record-keeping

• 4

• RA Records Must be Available upon Request
• Manager to :
• Ensure RA records to be readily available upon request
• RA records include:
• RA forms
• RA Register
• Risk control measures records
• Safe work procedures
• Training records

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• Keep RA Records for at least 3 years
• Manager to :
• Keep all RA records for at least 3 years

• Must be Available upon Request
• Keep for at least 3 years

• Record-keeping

• 4

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Workplace Safety and Health Act

• Workplace Safety and Health Act
• Workplace Safety and Health (Risk Management) Regulations
• Code of Practice on Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Risk Management
• Workplace Safety and Health Council http://www.wshc.sg
• Ministry of Manpower http://www.mom.gov.sg

• References

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