31
bilig-10/Yaz’99
PAST, PRESENT and FUTURE of
TURKOMAN TRIBES and THEIR SPREAD
Prof. Dr. Soltanşa ATANİYAZOV
Turkmenistan’s Comittee on Science and Technology
ABSTRACT
Most nations had divided into tribes and clans during the certain periods of their
history. Dividing into tribes for some nomadic Turkish peoples, particularly the Kazak,
Kyrgyz, Bashkir, Turkoman continued for a long period of time because of social and
economical conditions.
Among these peoples Turcoman tribes were the subject
of research in the works
of some ancient scholarly personalities, such as Kaşgarlı Mahmut,
Mübarek Şah,
Reşideddin, Yazıcıoğlu, Salar Baba Marıdarı, Ebulgazi...Consequently knowledge
about changes in life style of Turcoman tribes during different periods of time and brief
information related to these Turcoman tribes, small and big
could be found in some
works the above-mentioned scholars. Also detailed information related to changes in
Turcoman tribes after Mongol attacks, fleeing most of the population to neighbouring
countries, forming of new tribes as Teke, Yomut, Göklen, Ersarı, Sarık, Sakar, Alili,
Olam, Surhı...after combination of remaining Turcoman tribes with other ethnic groups
are provided in these historical works, especially in those of Kaşgarlı Mahmut.
New Turcoman tribes originated from ancient Oğuz tribes are one of the sociologi
-
cal part of Turcoman nation. Old generations preserved traditions from old times. But
nowadays the previous importance of keeeping these traditions is becomming more
meaningless for new generations.
In
recent years, the reasons of division into different tribes during the history
have disappeared . Therefore it is impossible to face with this kind of division among
Turcoman in 20th century. Whereas some dialectical differences, tools used in archi
-
tectural and economical works, traditional wears, carpet weaving, cuisine culture, art of
decoration have still been preserved as traditions by new generations.
Key words:
Oğuz, Society, Tribe, Part, Uruğ, Turcoman
