Universiteti xabarnomasi

Literature review.
E. Wesley and F. Peterson in their research on 
"The Role of Population in Economic Development" state that: "Low 
population growth in high-income countries can cause social and 
economic problems, and high population growth in low-income 
countries "growth can slow down their development." 
Many analysts believe that economic growth in high-income 
countries may be relatively slow in the coming years, in part because 
population growth in these countries will slow significantly (Baker, 
Delong, & Krugman, 2005). In others, population growth has been and 
will continue to be problematic because more people inevitably use 
more of the Earth's limited resources, thereby reducing long-term 
potential growth (Linden, 2017). 
In general, according to scientists, population growth affects many 
phenomena, such as the age structure of the country's population, 
international migration, economic inequality, and the size of the 
country's labor force. 
Piketty (2014) develops a series of economic relationships to 
describe the workings of a capitalist economic system and traces the 
impact of these relationships on changes in economic inequality. The 
relationship between economic growth and the rate of return on capital 
is central to his analysis. He argues that when the rate of return on 
capital (
ρ
) is higher than the rate of economic growth (
γ
) (
ρ
> 
γ
), the 
likely result is the concentration of capital ownership, leading to 
increased inequality. According to him, economic growth is likely to be 
relatively slow in the future, which is less than the rate of return on 
capital, because its demographic component is expected to grow very 
little. 
If population growth and per capita GDP growth were completely 
independent, higher population growth rates would have led to higher 
net economic growth rates, Piketty (2014) points out. "It would be true 
that the growth of GDP per capita would lead to improvement of 
economic well-being. On the other hand, if population growth affects 
output growth per capita, then higher population growth rates will 
affect overall economic growth by the nature of the impact on GDP per 
capita. helps the swelling to be high or low”.
Thomas Malthus (1798) developed one of the earliest and most 
famous theories showing that population growth harms welfare. 
According to him, the population tends to grow faster than the food 
supply, so depopulation due to poverty of various kinds always requires 
keeping the number of people in proportion to the amount of food 
available. The implication of the Malthusian model is those average 
incomes are always reduced by population growth to a level that is 
sufficient for the population to live. 
The main purpose of Malthus' work was to argue against the 
English Poor Laws. He argues that trying to improve the welfare of the 
poor is an exercise in futility because higher incomes lead to population 
growth, which leads to diminishing returns. 
Yoo (1994) develops three models to examine the effects of 
population growth on US economic development. He argues that the 
large increase in the number of children has slowed economic growth, 
as resources have been diverted from more productive activities for this 
large group to education and health. As the baby boom generation 
transitioned from a dependency phase to a more productive phase of 
active workers and savings, living standards improved, and even as baby 
boomers exited the labor force, his models showed that the decline in 
savings had little impact on the economy. indicates that it does not. 
prosperity. 
Bloom and Canning (2004) also show a positive effect on economic 
growth as baby boom cohorts join the labor force and save for 
retirement. Most of these authors emphasize the importance of age 
structure for economic development. High population growth rates 
mean that the average age of the population will be young and the 
dependency ratio will be high. 
Nicole Maestas, Kathleen J. Mullen, and David Powell (California 
2016) work on The Economic Impact of Population Aging: Labor Force 
and Productivity. The aging of the US population harms its economic 
growth, based on statistical data from 1980-2010, and estimates until 
2050 are presented. It begins with the observation that many US states 
have already experienced significant growth in their elderly population 
and that much of this growth is predicated on historical fertility trends. 
Projected changes in the rate of population aging across US states 
between 1980 and 2010 were used to estimate the economic impact of 
aging on state output per capita. They found that a 10% increase in the 
share of the population over 60 years old reduces the growth rate of 
GDP per capita by 5.5%. Two-thirds of the reduction is due to slower 
growth in labor productivity across the age distribution of workers, and 
one-third is due to slower growth in the labor force. The results of this 
scientific work show that the annual growth of the gross domestic 
product will slow down by 1.2% in this decade and by 0.6% in the next 
decade due to the aging of the population. 
Stefan Klasen, Professor of the Faculty of Economics, University of 
Göttingen,
and Lawson David, Professor, University of Manchester 
(2007) conducted a research study entitled "Impact of Population 
Growth on Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Uganda". They 
examine the relationship between per capita economic growth and 
poverty, using interesting examples from Uganda. This article states, 
"Although Uganda has recently experienced excellent economic growth