after certain suffixes have been attached to a word, the original stress pattern may change átom – atómic Japán – Jàpanése horízon – hòrizóntal
Derived words: since suffixation has made the word longer, primary stress shifts to the right, and the original primary stress reduces to secondary (rightmost rhythmic beat!)
(e.g. adáptable – adàptabílity éducate – èducátion jústify – jùstificátion)
Derivational Secondary Stress blocked to avoid stress clash: Iambic Secondary Stress (horízon – hòrizóntal , Japán – Jàpanése) or (átom – atómic , Gérman – Germánic)
Family of suffixes Two classes: - Stress-neutral: unable to affect the stress pattern of the word (e.g., -ing, -ed, -s, -like) -Stress-fixing/non-neutral: systematically change the place and/or the degree of the stresses (e.g., -ion, -ic, -ese, -al)
Examples Stress-neutral suffixes: - -able: consíder – considerable,
- avóid – unavóidable
- -ing: éducate – éducating,
- ínterest – ínteresting
- - ism: álcohol – álcoholism
- fanátic – fanáticism
- -ness: cáreless – cárelessness,
- lùkewárm – lùkewármness
Examples Stress-fixing suffixes: Self-stressed: - -ade: lémon – lemonade,
- cánnon – cannonade
- -een: séven – seventeen
- -ese: jóurnal – journalese,
- Japan – Japanese
- -esque: Róman – Ròmanésque,
- pícture – pìcturésque
Examples Stress-fixing suffixes Pre-stressed: require primary stress to fall on the syllable which immediately precedes them in the word -ic: ecónomy – economic, átom – atómic -ion: sólve – solútion, éducate – èducátion, adápt – adaptation-ulous: míracle – miráculous, rídicule – ridiculous
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