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104 
 
help the local population in their efforts to destroy Bolshevism.” “The Allies are 
here”, he concluded, “to assure justice and peace for everybody”.
284
 At last, he 
asked for help in the establishment of contacts between the Allies and the Denikin. 
In addition, in order to control the North Caucasian government and to see 
that the evacuation of the Turkish troops was carried out, General Thomson 
appointed Colonel Rawlinson as British representative to the North Caucasian 
Republic.
285
 
4- The End of the North Caucasian Republic: December 1918- May 1919: 
By December the fate of the Mountaineer government was seriously at risk. 
The situation in the region remained quite fluid, and the authority of the North 
Caucasian government was already being challenged by two outside powers; the 
Bolsheviks and the Whites, seeking to establish control over the North Caucasus. 
Under these circumstances the Mountaineer government of Abdulmejid 
Chermoev resigned on 12 December 1918 and the Union Council or the Parliament 
approved the resignation on 15 December. The setting up of a new government was 
delegated to Pshemaho Kotsev and in spite of some set backs he presented his 
cabinet on 19 November. The new cabinet consisted of Pshemaho Kotsev 
(President), Nuh Bey Tarkovskiy (Minister of National Security), Reshid Khan 
Kaplanov (Minister of Interior), Haydar Bammat (Minister of Foreign Affairs), 
Vassan Girey Jabagiev (Minister of Finance), B. Malachkhanov (Industry and 
                                                                                                                                        
representative of Kars to Seym. He served as the deputy Foreign Minister of the Transcaucasian 
Government. At last he was the representative of the North Caucasian government at Baku. 
283
 Kosok, “Revolution and Sovietization II,” 50. 
284
 For the text of General Thomson’s telegram to the North Caucasian Republic’s government see 
Kurtatag, “Zadachi II,” 7. Related with the issue also see Jabagi, “Revolution,” 125-26 and also see 
Denikin, Ocherki, Vol 4, 123-124. 

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105 
 
Trade), Ibrahim Haydarov (Transportation), H. Shakhsuvarov (Education), A. 
Butayev (Agriculture and National Estates).
286
 
During the same meeting, Kotsev delivered a speech and commented on the 
situation in the region. He also emphasised that one of the main tasks of the new 
government was to strive, together with Azerbaijan and Georgia, for worldwide 
recognition of the countries independence.
287
 In order to accomplish this aim, a 
delegation was sent to the Paris Peace Conference, consisting of A. Chermoyev, 
İbrahim Haydarov, Haydar Bammat, and Dr. Hazarakov.  Before a decision was 
taken in Paris, the Whites attacked North Caucasus. 
 
By 1919 the North Caucasus had a new and aggressive enemy: Denikin and 
his anti-Bolshevik White Army. Before the main blow towards the north started, 
Denikin wished to secure his position and guarantee the flow of British support 
from the south. He therefore decided to make his first task the clearing of the 
mountain region and the coast between the Kuban and the Transcaucasian states. 
This made the North Caucasian Republic his first target. Early in 1919 his army 
began its operations towards the North Caucasus and took the territory known for 
ıts mineral waters, Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk, and Esentük. In early 
February he advanced to Vladikavkaz, which at that time had been recently 
                                                                                                                                        
285
 Kurtatag, “Zadachi II,” 7; Bammat, “The Caucasus,” 19; and Kosok, “Revolution and 
Sovietization II,” 52. 
286
 For the ministries of Justice, Labor and, Health and Public Relief and to the National Control 
nobody was nominated. Cabaği, Kafkas-Rus Mücadelesi, 94 and Jabagi, “Revolution,” 127. 
Pşimaho Kotsev, May-June-July 1965. “Yeşil Mayıs,” Birleşik Kafkasya, (İstanbul), 4: 3-8. 
287
 For the text of Kotsev’s speech see ‘Deklaratsiya P. Kotseva,’ in Kurtatag, “Zadachi III,” 3-4 and 
also see Jabagi, “Revolution,” 127. 

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captured from the Bolsheviks by the Ingush troops and thus was in the hands of the 
Mountaineer government.
288
 
This was not to last, but was one of the most important threats to the well 
being of the North Caucasian government. Despite the talks between the authorities 
of the Mountaineer Republic and Denikin, the parties could not reach an 
agreement. Thus Kosok, the President of the North Caucasian Republic personally 
visited General Thomson in Baku on 9 February 1919 and asked him to intervene 
to halt the advance of the Whites.
289
 Despite his promises to control Denikin and to 
stop the White advance, the British supported Denikin unconditionally and thus all 
requests and protestations were in vain.
290
 
Denikin rejected reconciliation with the Mountaineers and the North 
Caucasians. He appointed General Liakhov as the governor general of the mountain 
region, including Dagestan. The Mountaineer government sent a delegation headed 
by Zubeyir Temirhanov to Liakhov to Yekatarinodar. This delegation was to 
inform the Volunteers that the Mountain Republic would join the struggle against 
the Bolsheviks, but insisted on its independence and the exclusion of Volunteer 
troops from its territory, until the final conclusions of the world conference in 
Paris, to which a special delegation has been sent.
291
 
The negotiations continued for two weeks.
292
 General Liakhov explained to 
the delegation that his authority covered the entire area but indicated that each of 
                                                 
288
 Jabagi, “Revolution,” 127 and Bammat, “The Caucasus,” 18. 
289
 Kosok, “Revolution and Sovietization II,” 53. 
290
 Bammat, “The Caucasus,” 18. 
291
 For a detailed account of events see Brinkley, Allied Intervention, 148-151. For the report of 
delegation to the North Caucasian Parliament see A. Takho-Godi, 1927. Revoliutsiia i 
Kontrrevoliutsiia v Dagestane, Makhachkale: Dagestanskoe Gosizdat, 189-197. 
292
 Kotsev, “Yeşil Mayıs,” 6. 

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