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Haydarov (North Caucasus), the signing parties declared that they believed in the 
necessity of sincere and brotherly relations between Caucasian nations. The sole 
guarantee of the cultural and economic welfare of these four Caucasian republics 
would be the establishment of political and economic unity of those nations.
340
 
 
B- The Caucasian Independence Committee in Turkey: 
During this period the activities of the Caucasians were not confined to 
Europe. The North Caucasian, Georgian and Azerbaijani leaders who were living 
in exile in İstanbul, such as Dr. Hüsrev Sultanov, Ali Khan Kantemir and 
Aleksander Assatiyani, had informed the formation of the Caucasian Independence 
Committee
341
 issuing a declaration on 1 November 1924.
342
 
However due to the lack of financial resource the Committee was forced to 
work only on preparatory activities and until September 1925 could not take them 
to the implementation stage. It tried to ascertain to what extent the idea of the 
Confederation had matured and been prepared in the political circles and in the 
minds of masses. And how large was the circle of the active elements, the 
Committee could understand the enormous number of activists it draws on it from 
the very first beginning. As a result of the continued negotiations with the political 
                                                                                                                                        
1924.  Kavkazskiy Gorets, (Prague), 1: 71-2 and “Khronika Soyuza,” 1925. Kavkazskiy Gorets, 
(Prague), 2/3: 135-6. 
340
 Declaration des representants des gouvernements Nationaux des republiques du Caucase, Paris, 
23 Septembre 1924, see Vaçnadze “Hariçte Kafkasya”, 10. 
341
 While Ahmet Hazer Hızal was giving the date of 1 November 1924 and labelling the committee 
as Caucasian Independence Committee (Kafkas Kurtuluş Komitesi-C.I.C.), the British Consulate 
General, in his report from İstanbul to Foreign Secretary named this committee as the ‘Committee 
of Confederation of Caucasia,’ (K.K.K.) and gave the date of formation as 7 October 1924. See 
‘British Consulate General, Constantinople to Foreign secretary, On Committee of Confederation of 
Caucasia, formed 7 October 1924’ [FO 371/11783] in Burdett, Caucasian Boundaries, 834-838.  

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groups of the peoples of the Caucasus, the Committee came to the conclusion that 
after bitter experiences and misfortunes the necessity and vitality of uniting the 
efforts of these activists who fought against the Bolsheviks for freedom and the 
creation of an All-Caucasian Confederation in future was now understood by all 
political currents in Caucasus.
343
 
Thus, in autumn of 1925 the Committee entered into more permanent 
relations with other groups of the peoples of the Caucasus. They endorsed once 
more that cooperation between activists from different ethnic groups in the 
Caucasus could only be possible under the colours of a united Caucasian front and 
in the future a Caucasian political union, which would be set up on the principles of 
a Confederation. In September 1925 the Committee having some small means, 
began a well planned work of organization, and proposed: 
 
“1) To form a system of relations with the Caucasian Republics, 2) There to 
form groups and agencies for work in the Republics, 3) To organize the 
more active elements of the Caucasian Emigration, 4) The creation of a 
party press for Caucasians and for the emigrants.”
344
 
 
In accordance with these principles, the Committee began to function 
among the Caucasian emigres. In his report, the British Consulate General in 
İstanbul, stressed that: 
 
“…[T]he military elements in Azerbaijan and in Northern Caucasus, which 
were in Turkey and in Persia united under the guidance of persons 
                                                                                                                                        
342
 Vassan Girey Jabagiev, Ali Khan Kantemir, Aytek Namitok (Northern Caucasus), M. Tsereteli, 
A. Assatiyani, D. Vachnadze (Georgia), Hüsrev Sultanov (Sultanzade), Abdülali Emircan and A. 
Sheikhülislamzade (Azerbaijan) signed this Declaration. See Vaçnadze, “Hariçte Kafkasya”. 
343
 Caucasian Boundaries, [FO 371/11783]. 
344
 Caucasian Boundaries, [FO 371/11783]. 

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appointed by the K.K.K. and Georgian officers all over Europe were 
brought together into one Union and like in the past in Georgia they are 
working in full liaison with the national democratic party of Georgia which 
has its share in the K.K.K.”
345
 
 
The Committee organized a propaganda campaign and published printed 
materials. Moreover, it proposed to continue the commenced plan and to extent its 
framework, and in parallel to engage in forming requisite relations with those 
foreign states with an interest in weakening the Soviet Union. Establishment of this 
kind of relationship provided the possibility for receiving external protection and 
support for the work of the Committee, and in particular to receive sufficient 
quantity of arms and ammunition. The Committee believed that a rationally 
prepared action on the part of the entire Caucasus would create serious 
complications for Soviet Russia at home and abroad, and this justifies the 
expectation of success. 
At this time the British supported the activities of the Committee, and the 
Consul General in İstanbul recommended to London to support the work of this 
Committee against Soviet Union. 
“The work was commenced by the K.K.K. on a very modest scale but 
owing to its nature and character it will without fail grow up to that scale 
which is necessary in such a matter. Keeping that average scale it must be 
continued in the future and the following must be kept: 
1.The office of the K.K.K. 
2.The Persian section of the Committee, its office and means of liaison. 
3.The technical apparatus of the liaison (Kars, Arghadan –Tripev). 
4.The organisation of the K.K.K. in the Caucasian republics. 
5.The section of the K.K.K. in Europe for work amongst the ranks of the 
Emigration. 
6.The creation and labour of a Pancaucasian military circle. 
7.The Committees press conferences. 
                                                 
345
 Caucasian Boundaries, [FO 371/11783]. 

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