Preface to the lecture, 1

110

 

Gravitation

 

 

A: The open field lines of the E-field and the closed field lines of 

the H-field of an electrically charged particle (e.g. e-)

 

 

B: The closed field lines of the E-field and H-field of an electrically 

uncharged particle (e.g. of the neutron n°).

 

Gravitation is a result of the influence of the field lines with a closed 

course running parallel to the surface of the particles on the 

dimensions of the space, in which they are.

 

Fig. 6.9:   The influence of the closed field lines of the H-field.

 

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theory of objectivity __________________________________________________________111

 

6.9 Gravitation

 

For uncharged, neutral particles (neutron, atom, molecule etc.) both the magnetic and the 

perpendicular on them standing electric field lines have a closed course. Now both run 

parallel to the surface of the particle (fig. 6.9 B).

 

As is said, the density of field lines with a closed course can't be influenced from the 

outside. If we approach a particle, the consequence of an increase of the density without

 

exception is a decrease of the linear measures and thus a larger force of attraction. For this 

case of field lines with a closed course, for which in general it doesn't give a field 

attenuation and no forces of repulsion, there holds:

 

Gravitation is a result of the influence of the field lines with a closed course running 

parallel to the surface of the particles on the dimensions of the space, in which they are.

 

Both interactions logically have an infinite range. Both form a whole in the influence of

 

the fields on the size conditions.

 

It surely is of the greatest importance that for this derivation of the field dependency of the

 

Lorentz contraction from the known equations of transformation of the electromagnetic

 

field we could do completely without the introduction of new factors of description or

 

neglects.

 

Solely by consistent derivation and interpretation of the result the unification already has

 

suceeded and the electromagnetic interaction and the gravitation could, with the derived

 

field dependent Lorentz contraction, be traced back to a single basic phenomenon. Doing

 

so we have to pay attention to the fact that the observer is subjected to the same Lorentz

 

contraction as his measuring technique and therefore he can't see the field dependency at

 

all. Merely as being an exterior observer it in rare cases will be possible to him to see the

 

curvature of space in the presence of strong fields.

 

From this for an astronaut practical consequences result. If he namely would land on 

Jupiter, he would think flat hills to be gigantic mountains, that small he would be! Vice 

versa if he landed on the moon, high mountains would appear to be insignificant hills, not 

because of wrong altitude readings of the terrestrial mission control and measurement 

centre, but only because of his own body size. The astronauts of the Apollo missions were 

not prepared for this circumstance and after their landing on the moon were completely 

surprised, how little validity learned textbook physics has, hardly has one left the earth. 

They have brought photographs with them which prove the Lorentz contraction to depend 

on the field and therefore on gravitation.

 

The fact that force effects should arise from the interactions is an auxiliary concept and 

auxiliary description of the observing person founded in pure usefulness. The Lorentz 

force therefore shouldn't be regarded as cause anymore. It actually appears only as 

property of the field factors. Seen this way it only would be consistent to do without space 

charges and currents as a result of moving charges and to assume a source-free and 

quanta-free field description (fig. 6.4: j = 0).

 

From an unified theory it is demanded that it besides the electromagnetic interaction and 

the gravitation also is able to integrate the strong and the weak interaction. We will also 

solve this problem.

 

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112

 

Field dependent speed of light

 

   

Fig. 6.10: Diversion of the light by a strong gravitational field.

 

Speed of light of the wave:      c =  *f

 

(6.16)

 

For the wavelength    holds (because of eq. 6.15):

 

From equation (6.16) follows (with f = constant):

 

E ~   1/c

2 

, 

H  ~   1/c

2

 

The speed of light depends on the field!

 

(6.17)

 

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theory of objectivity

 

113

 

6.10 Field dependent speed of light

 

But not only matter is bent towards a gravitational field. If we only think of the much cited 

phenomenon that the ray of light of a star is diverted towards the sun, if it passes very 

close to the sun on its way to us, like this has been observed for the first time during an 

eclipse of the sun in 1919 (fig. 6.10).

 

Quite obviously the field of the sun also slows down the speed of light. On the side of the

 

ray of light which is turned towards the sun, the field is somewhat larger and the speed of

 

light correspondingly is slower than on the side which is turned away, and with that the

 

ray of light changes its direction in the observable manner. Exactly this relation willingly

 

is interpreted as a consequence of a curvature of space.

 

The extremely strong field of a black hole can divert the light down to a circular path, in 

order to in this way catch and bind it. The light now orbits the black hole like planets the

 

sun.

 

At this point the open-minded reader already might have tapped the confirmation of the 

proportionality 6.2 (c ~ r), which has been derived from the vortex model (fig. 6.2).

 

The sceptic is offered still another derivation: for the borderline case that the relative 

velocity v tends towards the speed of light c (fig. 6.6), according to equation 6.13 the

 

measurable overall field E

o

  (and  also  H

o

) will go to zero and equation 6.12, with E

z

. = - E 

(and H

z

 = - H), will again turn into the wave equation (5.9*) after double differentiation

 

(fig. 6.4).

 

The speed v = c so to speak forms the escape velocity, with which the electromagnetic 

wave runs away from the cosmic field. Under these circumstances of course neither an 

attraction of masses nor an electromagnetic interaction can be exerted on the wave.

 

If E

0

 goes to zero at the same time l

0

 tends to infinity (equation 6.15, fig. 6.6): i.e. the 

wave spreads all through space. This result entirely corresponds to the observations and 

experiences.

 

For the wave length    and in the end for the velocity of propagation c only the self-field of 

the wave E resp. H is responsible. Because of

 

 (6.16)

 

and the proportionality from equation 6.15:            

               (6.17*)

 

obtain the new relation:                            

              

(6.17)

 

If the speed of light in the presence of matter decreases, then we now also know why. It is 

the field, which surrounds matter, that slows down the speed of light. Therefore a 

gravitational field is able to divert a ray of light in the same manner as matter which flies 

past. Finally moves the speed of light in the proportionality 6.17 to the place of the linear 

measure (in 6.15).

 

But if the rule fails one will try to replace by an optical measurement arrangement. In this 

manner the field dependency of the Lorentz contraction should be measurable; but it isn't!

 

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