Preface to the lecture, 1

148

 

calculation of the proton

 

Structure of the proton p

+

:

 

 

Calculation:

 

structure consisting of two shells, inner vortices with 2 • E

1

,

 

field strength at the outer radius r

2

:

 

E ( r

2

)   =  2 * E

2 1

  = 2 * E

1

( r

1

/ r

2

)   =  E

1 

(7.8)

 

Comparison of p

+

 (7.8) with u

-

 (7.7) (z

e

 = number of the elementary

 

vortices being involved with) 

in building up the structure, here each time z

e

 = 3):

 

Comparison of the radii with     E ~ l / r  

(6.27)

 

 

(7.9)

 

Theory of objectivity (fig. 6.18):        m~l/r

2 

(6.34)

 

 

(7.10)

 

m

p

/m

e

  =  9 * (m

u

/m

e

)    =    9  * 207    =    1863 

(7.11)

 

Measurement value, proton mass:     m

p

  =   1836 • m

e

 

Resp.:

 

measurement value myon mass  m

u

  =  207 * m

e

 

myon calculated value: 

m

p

  =  204 * m

e

.      (error = 1,5% )

 

Since we, by using this calculation method, for the first time succee- 

ded in deriving the mass of an elementary particle from that of an- 

other particle, the particle mass isn't a constant of nature anymore!

 

Fig. 7.7:     Calculation of the proton

 

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proof________________________________________________________________ 149

 

7.7 Calculation of the proton

 

If we again remember the affinity of two elementary vortices, which rotate with opposite 

spin. They align their axis of rotation antiparallel and form a very probable, but not 

particularly tight bound pair (fig. 7.4).

 

If we this time start with a positron pair, then does this pair have a double positive 

elementary charge. The two e

+

 hence exert a particularly big force of attraction on 

electrons flying past them. If they have cached one and put it round as a shell, like a coat, 

then they will never again give it back! To again remove the electron, a triple positive 

charge would be necessary. But such a particle can't exist at all. The new particle 

therefore has an absolute stability and a very big mass, because the positron pair is 

considerably compressed by its outer shell. The total charge is single positive. With these 

properties it actually only can concern the proton. Its structure is shown in fig. 7.7. 

We can start from the assumption that both positrons are very close together in the inside 

and thus each forms the half of a sphere. For the calculation of the proton mass we then 

can assume as an approximation a structure of two shells, in which the inner vortex will 

have the double charge and the double field (2 * E

1

). With equation 7.4 the field strength at 

the outer radius r

2

 is:

 

E(r

2

)   =   2*E

21

   =   2*E

1

*(r

1

/r

2

)   =   E

1 

(7.8)

 

If we want to compare the results of the p

+

 (7.8) and the    (7.7), then it should be 

considered that the field of the innermost elementary vortex E

1

 only is equal, if the number 

z

e

 of the elementary vortices involved in building up the particle is identical. Here with 

each time z

e

 = 3 this is the case. Because of equation 6.27 (E, H ~ 1/r) now also the radii 

are comparable:

 

 

(7.9)

 

The mass of a particle first is determined by the number of the elementary vortices z

e

. 

According to the theory of objectivity (fig. 6.18) however also the radius has an influence 

on the mass: 

m ~ 1/r

2 

(6.34)

 

This proportionality should be applied to the 

- comparison.

 

 

(7.10)

 

The calculation provides a nine times bigger mass for the proton with regard to the mass 

of the myon. Therefore the mass of the proton related to the mass of the electron is:

 

m

p

/m

e

   =   9*

  =   9*207   =    1863 

(7.11)

 

It would be favourable, to start from the with measuring techniques determined value for

 

the mass of the proton m

p

/m

e

 = 1836 and calculate backwards the related mass of the

 

myon.

 

Then we obtain 204 as the calculated value instead of the measurement value 

=

 

207.

 

The reason for the deviation of 1.5 percent is caused by the neglect of the cosmic field E

o

 

with regard to the field of the neighbouring elementary vortex. This neglect takes very

 

much less effect for the relatively heavy proton than for the light myon.

 

The cosmic field therefore will compress the myon more strongly and increase the mass

 

more strongly as is calculated here, in agreement with the measurement results.

 

Summarizing: since we, by using this calculation method, for the first time succeeded in

 

deriving the mass of an elementary particle from that of another particle, the particle

 

mass isn't a constant of nature anymore!

 

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