Xülasə Məqalədə korroziya prosesinin mənfi cəhətləri və korroziya ilə mübarizə üsullarının

Problem Statement

The problem of corrosion is a problem of cost-effective use of material resources and natural resources, along with increasing the durability and thermal-operational durability of metal structures. It should be noted that the last decade has seen a shortage of natural resources. For this reason, inefficient use of resources not only threatens the further development of industry and agriculture, but also disrupts the ecological balance in nature. The most dangerous in terms of corrosion of metals are sulfur-4 oxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides, as well as powders of metals with high positive potential (copper, mercury, etc.). The annual amount (emission) of SO₂ is about 140-150 mln. tone. It should be noted that 70 mln. tone of S is released, which is twice as much as the annual production of sulfuric acid. Sulfur-4 oxide released into the atmosphere poses both biological and corrosive hazards. In industrial cities and regions, when the concentration of SO₂ is more than 2 mgm², it causes respiratory diseases in the human body. On the other hand, it is dangerous for useful plants and pine forests, and increases the corrosion rate of various metals by 5-10 times. In some cases, the presence of SO₂ in the atmosphere reduces the pH of rainwater to 2-3. H₂S is about 100 times more toxic than SO₂ and is more dangerous for electrical and radio-electronic equipment from a corrosion point of view. Therefore, the use of precious metals Au, Ag, Pb is growing rapidly, which are used in the manufacture of various contacts of suitable equipment and especially microelectronics products.
Nitrogen oxides, HCl and HF, are biologically and corrosively hazardous. Under the influence of moisture, they cause corrosion of non-ferrous metals Al-, Ti-, Sr. Pitting corrosion of chromium-nickel steels occurs when the concentration of chlorides is 2 mg. Discharge of chloride wastes into rivers and water bodies poses a biological and corrosion hazard, which reduces the industrial importance of rivers and lakes. The deposition of noble metal powders on steel, Al and Zn, for example, leads to the development of contact corrosion of Ju and Hg. The danger of Hg dust, which is not only corrosive but also biologically Hg, is even greater. When vehicles cannot absorb the exhaust gases, the release of gases into the atmosphere is even more dangerous. Thus, economic benefits can be achieved by preventing the pollution of the atmosphere, soil, rivers and lakes with waste, eliminating the threat to the human body, reducing corrosion damage, forest and crop losses, and other complex activities. [3]

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