Xülasə Məqalədə korroziya prosesinin mənfi cəhətləri və korroziya ilə mübarizə üsullarının

Açar sözlər: Katod mühafizəsi, Protektor mühafizəsi, Anod mühafizəsi, korroziyadan mühafizə, Elektrokimyəvi korroziya, korroziyanın mənfi təsirləri.
Keywords: Cathode protection, Protector protection, Anode protection, corrosion protection, Electrochemical corrosion, negative effects of corrosion.

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   İntroduction
   

Corrosion is the destruction of metals and their alloys by the environment. According to the mechanism of the decomposition process, chemical and electrochemical types of corrosion are distinguished. The breakdown of a metal or alloy in contact with an electrolyte or other metal in an aqueous medium is called electrochemical corrosion. Electrochemical corrosion can occur in acidic, alkaline and neutral environments. An example of this type of corrosion is the corrosion of iron in contact with copper in an acidic environment. During electrochemical corrosion, electrons pass from the more active metal to the less active metal, and as a result, the active metal corrodes.
Corrosion protection of metal-containing equipment is one of the most pressing issues in today's rapidly evolving global and local environment. This problem is mainly due to the fact that steel equipment and pipelines are exposed to atmospheric corrosion during oil and gas production, transportation and refining, which is the basis of the oil sector. At the same time, if we take into account that agricultural machinery and military equipment are stored in conservation conditions longer than their service life, it is clear that there are intensive corrosion processes in this area. Along with the economic problems caused by corrosion processes, it also causes a sharp change in the environmental factors of our planet. Every year, 15-20% of the world's metals are corroded. A study by the American Association of Corrosion Specialists found that worldwide, annual corrosion losses are estimated at $ 150 billion to $ 200 billion, including $ 40 billion to $ 45 billion for internal combustion engine repairs and $ 30-40 billion for transportation. surface corrosion processes, $ 40-50 billion in corrosion losses in underground marine and industrial equipment, and $ 30-40 billion in losses in the oil extraction, refining and chemical industries. In the Russian Federation, financial losses due to corrosion processes account for 12% of the state's national income. Given that the region where our country is located is under the constant influence of the Caspian Basin, it is clear that solving the problem of corrosion, both economically and ecologically, is a priority for our economy. Given that corrosion is such a large-scale problem, various ways to combat it are being sought. Corrosion problems, resulting in severe economic losses, have attracted the attention of researchers over the past 200 years. Given that atmospheric corrosion has the widest range of effects, more intensive research is being conducted in this area. Although these research methods are different, their general and basic principle is to prevent the metal surface from coming into contact with the atmosphere. One of the effective methods of corrosion protection accepted by modern science is the systematic application of conservation materials. Preservatives with high corrosion protection and long-term effect must meet a number of generally defined requirements: anti-corrosion additives to preservatives with optimal composition and multifunctionality, good solubility in oils used as environment, cost-effective and environmentally friendly production The technology should have a simple structure. The creation of conservation fluids and lubricants with high corrosion protection is also very important in our country. Taking into account this need, the dissertation is devoted to the solution of the problem of corrosion. [1]
Atmospheric corrosion can be cited as one of the factors contributing to the increase in corrosion processes. Therefore, atmospheric corrosion remains the main object of research for professionals working in this field. Atmospheric corrosion results in the breakdown of equipment in various industries, the release of large amounts of waste into the environment, and further pollution of the environment, which is negatively affected by anthropogenic activities. The areas with the highest losses as a result of corrosion are: fuel and energy complex - 29%, agricultural machinery - 20%, chemical and petrochemical industry - 15%, metal processing industry - 52%. It should be noted that 33% of the reasons for premature failure of agricultural machinery are corrosion. 75-80% of these corrosion processes occur due to corrosion of parts while the equipment remains in conservation conditions, and the best way to prevent this is to use anti-corrosion preservatives. In order to eliminate the consequences of the corrosion process, it is first necessary to identify the causes. In this regard, first of all, it is necessary to determine the type of corrosion of the metal. Depending on the mechanism of the corrosion process, there are chemical, electrochemical and biochemical corrosion. Chemical corrosion is a process that occurs due to heterogeneous chemical reactions. Chemical corrosion is the process by which a metal interacts with a corrosive medium in such a way that the oxidation of the metal and the reduction of the oxidizing component of the corrosive medium occur simultaneously. Corrosion products are formed directly on the corroded surface. [2]

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