Zaza anCabaZe evropuli saqarTvelo
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81 memkvidre hyoloda petre IIIsgan, boiarebma mas ultimatumi wauyenes, rom an Svili eyoleboda, an qorwineba CaiSleboda da mas SesTavazes sami kandidati dasawyisisTvis – nariSkini, saltikovi an poniatovski. petre didi qorwinebidan 14 TveSi daibada da tipiuri `kavkasiuri ieris~ iyo. fizikurad Zalzed Zliers, intoqsikaciis gareSe SeeZlo daelia didi raodenobis arayi, rac rusebisTvis TiTqmis SeuZlebelia, xolo samxreT saqarTvelos xalxisTvis Cveulebrivi, bunebrivi movle naa. is Zalzed hgavda mis `mamas~ arCils da `Zmas~ aleqsandres, xolo absoluturad gansxvavebuli iyo misi romanovi mamisa da babuisgan. petre qarTvel mefe vaxtang VIs werda: `mimiRe rogorc sakuTari Svili~.
1698 wels sabediswero ram moxda, rodesac mefis dacva ajanyda da petres da nariSkinas mokvla scades. rusul istoriografiaSi kargad aris cnobili, rom petres metoqem sofiam amboxebulebi waaqeza da uTxra, rom samefo gvirgvini unda gadascemoda `ukanono~ Svils. sxva wyaroebi gvacnobs, rom man uTxra, gvirgvini `busurmanins~, anu muslimans, gadaecemoda. tolstoim oficialur biografiaSi `petre didi~ konsultacia gaiara stalinTan da man aukrZala gamoeqveynebinaT informacia misi qarTuli warmoSobis Sesaxeb. aravin icis, Tu ra mouyva dedam petres, magram cnobilia, rom, rodesac qarTvelma mefem arCilma sTxova nebarTva colad SeerTo misi qaliSvili romelimes petres ojaxidan, man uari ganacxada, radgan petres ukve erqva `qarTveli mefe~, magram aseve amboben, rom mas ar surda naTesavze daeqorwinebina. es ambavi moyva didma rusma kompozitorma aleqsandre borodinma, operis `princ igori~s avtorma. petre I imereTis mefe solomon I bagrationi, nikoloz batoniSvilis naTesavi (saocari msgavseba petre ITan) 82 igi iyo naxevrad qarTveli, Tavad gedevaniSvilis ukanono Svili. 1711 wels petre didma donskois monasteri qarTvelebs gadasca da qarTvel bagrationTa ojaxis ufliswulebi da samegrelos Tavadebi, dadianebi, swored iq arian dakrZalulni. erTxel boiarebTan davis dros petres wamoscda, rom is Zveli samefo dinastiis warmomadgeneli iyo. udavoa, rom is ver igulisxmebda romanovebis dinastias, radgan gvirgvini erTi saukunis win, 1613 wels gadaecaT, xolo manamde saerTod ar iyvnen cnobili. qarTveli akademikosi istorikosi niko berZeniSvili werda, rom man 1950 wels naxa nariSkinas mier miwerili werili nikolozisTvis, sadac is petres axsenebda rogorc `Cveni bavSvi~, magram es werili mas Semdeg gaqra. mehmed zili Mehmed Zilli (16111682 ww.), cnobili rogorc Evliya Çelebi, Turqosmalo, romelmac imogzaura osmaleTis imperiis teritoriaze da mezobel miwebze 40 wlis manZilze, werda petre didze, rogorc saqarTvelos miwis dadianebis STamomavalze. rusi xalxisTvis mniSvneloba ar hqonda, Tuki mefe rusebis inte resebs emsaxureboda, rogorc, magaliTad, germaneli ekaterine, qarTve li stalini da sxva. ekaterine IIs saxels hqonda pativi warmodgenili yofiliyo valxalaSi, sapatio saxlSi regensburgSi, dunais sanapiroze bavariaSi, rac germaniis istoriaSi mniSvnelovan personebs xvda wilad. mas rusuli sisxlis wveTic ar hqonda, magram Zalzed uyvardaT rusebs poloneTis, yirimis, Savi zRvis regionis, CrdiloeT kavkasiis, yazax eTis, alaskis, saxalinis da sxv. mierTebis gamo. mistikuri iyo is, rom mefeebi, romlebic teritoriebs afarToebdnen, rusebs Zalzed uyvardaT, despotebic ki, rogoric iyo petre da stalini. yvelafer danarCens patiobdnen. 1673 wels, petre didis dabadebis Semdeg wels nikolozma mou lod nelad gadawyvita, wveoda iranis Sahs 1 ori weli gaatara, daiwyo daleva, miiRo islami da dakarga ruseTTan kavSiri. mas ar undoda yofiliyo mowme patriarq nikonis Patriarch Nikon masobrivi represiebisa raskolnikebis winaaRmdeg 1673 wels, magram, amave dros, is aiZules daetovebina ruseTis samefo kari im mizeziT, rom problemebi ar Seeqmna. aleqsei mixailoviCis daxmarebiT, patriarqma nikonma daiwyo rusuli saRvTismetyvelo wignebis Sesworeba Tanamedrove berZnulis mixedviT da Secvala ramdenime rituali (ori TiTiT pirjvris gadawera Caancvla sami TiTiT, aliluia, oris nacvlad 1 gzaze is kaxeTSi estumra mefe arCils, romelic bedisweriT 10 weliwadSi TviTonac iZulebuli gaxda, gadasaxlebuliyo ruseTSi. amave dros daibada arCilis vaJi aleqsandre, romelic petre didis momavali megobari gaxdeba. 83 samjer warmoiTqmeoda da sxva). 1654 wels patriarqma nikonma moiwvia sinodi, sadac gadawyvites, rom `berZnuls (xatebi, ceremoniebi, wirva locvis wignebi) unda mimsgavseboda ufro, vidre Cvens Zveleburs~. am inovaciebs winaaRdegoba Sexvda xalxisganac da samRvdeloebisganac. protopopi avakumi Avvakum Suamdgomlobda mefis ori TiTiT pirjvris gadaweraze da RvTismetyvelebis dros Tavis daxraze, aseve cdilobda daemtkicebina, rom berZnuli standartebi wabilwavda wminda rwmenas, radgan berZnulma eklesiam Zveli RvTismoSiSobis gzidan gadauxvia da rom saRvTismetyvelo wignebs isini kaTolikur stambaSi beWdavdnen, aseve ambobdnen, TiTqos isini daucvelni iyvnen kaTolike romaelebis gavlenisgan. nikonis mimdevrebis razmebi sastikad gauswordnen yvelas, vinc ar eTanxmeboda maT. kardakar dadiodnen jariskacebi im mizniT, rom yvela saxlSi gaenadgurebinaT eretikuli xatebi da wignebi. karvis msgavsi eklesiis Senobebi (kargi magaliTia wminda vasili netaris kaTedrali Saint Basil’s Cathedral) sastikad akrZaluli iyo da arakanoni kuri eklesiebis umetesoba dangreul iqna. konfliqti nikonsa da Zveli rwmenis damcvelebs Soris mZafrdeboda da male, 1682 wels, avakumi da misi mimdevrebi sikvdiliT dasajes. Zveli rwmenis mxardamWerebma monawileoba miiRes stefan razinis sisxlian da sastik ajanyebaSi 16701671 wwSi, Tumca Tavad stefan razins mkveTri, antieklesiuri Sexedulebebi hqonda. es konfliqti, bevri mwerlis azriT, miiCneoda Zalzed mniSvnelovan movlenad, radgan masobrivi sikvdiliT dasjis tradicia da Zaladoba ideologiur bazisze, milionobiT msxverpliT, romelic mogvianebiT ganviTarda ruseTSi, am periodis gagrZelebaa. 1686 wels avstriis elCi ian sobieski, poloneTis mefe, venecielebi, romaelebi da sxvebi cdilobdnen daerwmunebinaT ruseTi, raTa gaelaSqra TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, rogorc saRvTo kavSiris wevrs. am dros petre dasustebuli iyo, magram cdilobda samxreTiT wasuliyo. yirimze pirdapiri dartymis nacvlad, petrem fokusireba moaxdina azovis zRvaze, mdinare donze Turqul cixesimagreze. 169495 wwSi misi qveiTi jari daeSva mdinare donisken, magram azovis alya uSedego iyo, radgan momarageba zRvidan ver uzrunvelyofda jars. man varoneJSi Sekriba patara sanaosno da 1696 wels meore Seteva moawyo azovze da petrem pirvelad gaimarjva triumfiT. magram mas ufro didi floti sWirdeboda. man 1700 wels daaarsa saadmiralo da rusebi sazRvrebs gareT gauSva saswavleblad. petre pirveli (16821725 ww.) iyo mefe, romlis titulSi oficialur dokumentebSi gamoisaxeboda – `iveriis mefe~. mTliani titulatura bolo romanovis, nikoloz IIisa iyo: `Cven uflis nebiT, mTeli ruseTis avtokratiis da imperatoris, moskovis, kievis, vladimiris, novgoro
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