Zaza anCabaZe evropuli saqarTvelo
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104 mmarTvelad dasva. 1770 wels ruseTma moulodnelad ieriSi miitana yirimze da aiZula xani, gaegzavna despanebi peterburgSi, raTa moeTxovaT mSvidoba. am misiis ganmavlobaSi ekaterine Sexvda sahin gireis da masze dawera: `yirimis princi yvelaze mSvidi TaTaria, visac ki odesme Sevxvedrilvar. igi ganaTlebuli, simpaTiuria, da aseve kargad gamosdis poeziis wera. mas yvelafris naxva da Seswavla surs~. 1776 wels sahin gireim Tavisi biZas memkvidreoba miiRo da yirimis mmarTveli gaxda. ekaterines favoritis, potiomkinis gausaZlisi zewolis Semdeg igi daTanxmda gaerTianebuliyo ruseTis imperiasTan 1783 wels. igi peterburgSi cxovrobda SinapatimrobaSi. mogvianebiT ruseTisa da osmaleTis imperiam neba darTes TurqeTSi dabrunebuliyo. magram Turqi mmarTvelebi masSi konkurents xedavdnen. sabolood igi stambolSi daapatimres da sikvdili miusajes. misma axalgazrda vaJma protestantizmi miiRo da colad SeirTo Sotlandieli aristokrati qali.
mniSvnelovani roli yirimis (Semdeg saqarTvelos) aneqsiaSi iTamaSa qarTuli warmoSobis rusma diplomatma laSqarevma (bibiluri) Lashkarev (Bibiluri). 1783 wels zustad is gagzavnes ekaterine IIm da potiomkinma yirimSi, raTa aeZulebina sahin girei mieRo ruseTis proteqtorati da dasaxlebuliyo ruseTSi. laSqarevma ruseTis yvela davaleba Seasrula. misi fantastikuri warmatebis aRsaniSnavad, laSqarevma miiRo 12 000 rubli saCuqrad, briliantiT gawyobili specialuri medali, beWedi briliantiT, miwebi ruseTsa da yirimSi. igi Tan axlda cnobili mogzaurobis dros ekaterinesa da potiomkins, rodesac gaxda `potiomkinis soflebi~. igi axlo megobari iyo suvorovisa da potiomkinisa. misi vaJi generali gaxda da monawileoba miiRo 1812 wlis omSi.
1786 wels laSqarevi gagzavnil iqna konstantinopolSi 1 , raTa daxmareboda elCs bulgakovs sulTanTan molaparakebaSi saqarTveloze ruseTis proteqtoratobaze. is aqtiur monawileobas iRebda ruse Tis saxelmwifo saTaTbiroSi 1801 wlis 8 agvistos saqarTvelos Temaze. swored igi unda gamomgzavrebuliyo saqarTveloSi ruseTis proteqtoratobaze mosalaparakeblad, magram qarTveli mefis sikv dilma situacia aria. 1807 wels igi daniSnul iqna moldoveTisa da vlaxeTis mmarTvelad da 1791 wels xeli moawera iasiis samSvidobo xelSekrulebas. ekaterine IIm igi daniSna sagareo saqmeTa departamentSi 1 stambolSi laSqarevma coloba sTxova SvedeTis elCis durantis qaliSvils, magram uari miiRo arasakmarisi qonebis gamo. imperatori ekaterine piradad gamoesarCla mas da qorwili Zalzed pompezuri gamovida ise rom Tavad sulTanic ki eswreboda ceremonias.
105 aziis mimarTulebis mmarTvelad. gansakuTrebulad dafasebuli iyo igi imperator pavle Iis mier, romelmac piradad Seqmna misi ojaxis heraldikuri gerbi saqarTvelos sabrZolo maxviliT xelSi. igi msaxurobda rogorc kievis, podolskis da sxva regionebis general gubernatori. axla, yirimis aneqsiis Semdgom, 1789 wels ruseTs xelebi gaexsna da Tavisi interesi mimarTa Crdilokavkasieli tomebis mimarT. donis kazakebis mezoblebi iyvnen Turquli warmoSobis noRaelebi, maT ukan mTebTan iyvnen yabardoelebi da Cerqezebi. ekaterine meorem gamosca manifesti yirimis, yubanisa da tamanis mierTebis Sesaxeb da noRaelebs ganuweses uralisken gadasaxleba. es amocana daevala suvorovs, Sveduri warmoSobis rus generals. suvorovma saxeli moixveWa ruseT TurqeTis omis dros dunais jarTan erTad ismailis aRebiT 1787 wels. noRael beladebTan Sexvedraze ieiskSi, azovis zRvis napirze, suvorovma maT waukiTxva manifesti, romlis mixedviTac auwya, rom yirimis xani gadadga da gadasca yirimis da CrdiloeT kavkasiis suvereniteti ekaterine IIs. noRaeli mTavrebi paralizebulni iyvnen. cudi ambavi Zalzed swrafad gavrcelda. ukan dabrunebuli Tavadebi xalxma simxdalis gamo daxoca. magram suvorovi da donis kazakebi mzad iyvnen saqmis aseTi ganviTarebisaTvis da Zalis gamoyenebiT aiZules noRaelebi ayriliyvnen TavianTi adgilebidan. suvorovma piradad dasaxa marSruti da asobiT aTasi noRaeli daiZra uralisken. ariergradSi kolonas mihyveboda suvorovis jari. magram male noRaelebi ajanydnen da Semobrundnen samxreTisken. 1783 wlis 1 agvistos moxda rusul jarTan Setakeba. suvorovis Setyobinebis Semdeg potiomkinma ubrZana suvorovs ganexila noRaelebi ara rogorc ruseTis moqalaqeebi, aramed rogorc mtrebi. Sesabamisad, suvorovis jari 1 oqtombris RamiT Tavs daesxa mSvidobian noRaelebs da daiwyo maTi sruli amoxocva. umweo, sasowarkveTili mosaxleoba gamouval mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda, qalebi da bavSvebi mdinareSi gadayares. ramdenime aTeuli aTasi adamianis gvami darCa mindvrebSi. rusi istorikosebis SefasebiTac ki suvorovma sul moaxerxa 500 aTasi momTabare Turqi noRaelis ganadgureba. man aseTi kampaniisTvis wm. vladimiris ordeni miiRo. darCenili 700 aTasi noRaeli gadasaxlda TurqeTSi. es iyo deportaciis pirveli talRa. noRaeli eTnosi moispo. male ganadgurdnen yirimis TaTrebic. rusebi pirispir gavidnen kavkasieli xalxebis winaSe. 1787 wels ruseTis generalma tekelim gaanadgura adiRebi. Cerqegebi, romlebsac SeeZloT 200 aTasiani jaris gamoyvana, ver gaerTianda da ganadgurdnen. axla kavkasiisken mimavali gza Tavisufali iyo. 1783 wlidan ruseTis jaris meTauri kavkasiaSi gaxda generali pavle potiomkini, ekaterines 106 favoritis naTesavi. misi pirveli safiqrali iyo, rom aeSenebina mcire zomis cixesimagre vladikavkazi da gaeyvana gza (saqarTvelos samxedro gza), rac advils gaxdida TbilisSi tvirTis gadatanas. man 1783 wels saqarTvelos mefe erekle IIsTan erTad moawera xeli georgievskis traqtats. potiomkinis kariera warmatebuli Canda, magram raRac dRemde ucnobi saSineleba moxda. rodesac aRa mahmad yajar Sahma Tavi sparseTis mefed gamoacxada, man sTxova Suamavloba qarTvel mefe erekles, raTa mieRo ruseTis mxardaWera iranze ruseTis proteqtoratis gamocxadebis sanacvlod. es Txovna uaryofili iyo, radgan misi Zma alimurad-xani
TavdasaRwevad. is gaiqca ruseTisken da miadga Tergis napirs. magram rusma meomrebma dakveTiT an gauTvaliswineblad mokles ufliswuli Tavis Tanmxleb pirebTan erTad, romelTac didi raodenobis Zvirfaseuloba mohqondaT. rusul istoriografiaSi weria, rom ali murad-xani ubralod `daiRupa~. ar aris cnobili, Tu ra roli iTamaSa am saqmeSi potiomkinma, magram man aseve Tavi Seircxvina, rodesac mkvlelebi saTanadod ar dasaja da am faqtis saidumlod Senaxva scada. es aris mizezi, ris gamoc SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom man sargebeli naxa am saqmidan. male man datova kavkasia da 1790 wels gudoviCis memkvidre gaxda. amasobaSi, saqarTvelo samxedro TvalsazrisiT Zalzed dawinaurda da Turqebi iZulebulni iyvnen sparseTisTvis Suamdgomloba eTxovaT, rom mSvidoba hqonodaT saqarTvelosTan da erekle auracxel saCuqrebs iRebda, aseve gaanTavisufles tyveebi. man vasalad aqcia iseTi mezobeli provinciebi, rogoricaa ganja, yarabaRi, erevani, yarsi, azerbaijani, SuSa da sxva. Sida politikaSi is Zalzed sastiki iyo da brZana moRalate amboxebulebis mokvla, Seqmna Zlieri samxedro dazvervis da kontrdazvervis samsaxuri, aseve daamyara kanoniereba saxelmwifoSi. rusi mwerlebis mixedviT (a. Sirokoriadi), 1782 wels miRebul iqna kanoni, qarTvelebsa da osebs Soris qorwinebis akrZalvaze. TurqeTi da irani pativs scemdnen saqarTvelos suverenitets im pirobiT, rom ruseTi ar Sevidoda saqarTveloSi (zustad iseve, rogorc axla ruseTi iTxovs, rom dasavleTi ar Semovides saqarTveloSi, Tumca orive SemTxvevaSi es istoriulad SeuZlebeli iyo). rusma imperatricam ekaterine IIm saswrafod gagzavna mosalaparakeblad agentebi (reinegi, saidumlo despani rusi Tavadi potiomkinisgan) mefe ereklesTan da yovelnairad cdilobdnen, raTa mas mieRo ruseTis proteqtorati. iakob reinegi saqarTveloSi cxovrobda 17781781 wwSi da mox senebebs swerda ruseTis imperatrica ekaterines. 1797 wels man gamosca peterburgSi wigni `Allgemeine historishtopographische Beschreibung
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