126
movklav Tqvens Svilebsa da colebs... Tqven fiqrobT, rom var qarTveli,
magram me var rusi da Tavs ver SemacodebT. rogor bedavT, rom
Sewyalebas mTxovT~. baqos xanma gadawyvita, qalaqis gasaRebi gadaeca.
cicianovi somexma vaWrebma gaafrTxiles, rom maxes ugebdnen, magram
man ase upasuxa: `isini ver gabedaven~ da wavida xanTan Sesaxvedrad.
sparseTis samsaxurSi myofma moRalate muslimma qarTvelebma esroles
mas. cicianovis mokveTili Tavi da xelebi triumfiT gaagzavnes TeiranSi,
xolo sxeuli damarxes baqos kedlebis qveS. ramdenime weliwadSi igi
gadmoasvenes Tbilisis sionis taZarSi.
dasavleli Tanamedrove istorikosebi weren, rom `man sam weliwadSi
amierkavkasiis ruka mTlianad Secvala~. man gaaerTiana saqarTvelo
(qarTli, kaxeTi, imereTi da samegrelo) da daipyro yvela saxano, rac
saqarTvelos ertya gars, eseni iyo – baqo, Sirvani, Saqi, yarabaRi,
ganja, erevani, axalcixe, lezginebis teritoria, Savi zRvis sanapiroze
mdebare Turquli cixesimagreebi, garda foTisa da baqosi. faqtobrivad,
man daipro mTlianad is teritoria kavkasiaSi, rasac ruseTi flobda
sabWoTa kavSiris drosac. Semdeg wlebSi brZolebi TiTqmis mxolod am
teritoriebis SenarCunebisTvis imarTeboda.
cicianovis memkvidreebi ermolovamde da paskeviCamde ar iyvnen
talantiT dajildovebulni da dakarges TiTqmis mis mier dapyrobili
mTeli teritoriebi. momdevno ukrainelma generalgubernatorma
gudoviCma, pedantma generalma, romelmac ganaTleba miiRo laifcigsa
da kenigsbergSi, rogorc Semdgom ermolovi werda, dakarga yvelaferi,
rac ki `didma generalma~ cicianovma daipyro. Tumca baqo da derbenti
1806 wels aneqsirebul iyo (isini sastikad iyvnen SeSinebulni cicianovis
mkvlelobis Semdeg).
gudoviCma gadawyvita gaeriska da ieriSi mietana erevansa da
naxCevanze 1808 wlis noemberSi, magram yvelaferi marcxiT damTavrda.
dasavleT saqarTveloSi rusebma general gudoviCis meTaurobiT aiRes
Turqebisgan Savi zRvis porti anaklia 1807 wels da foTi 1809 wels.
kavkasiis axalma generalmmarTvelma tormasovma Tormasov 1809 wels
gagzavna despanebi iranis SahTan mSvidobis SesaTavazeblad, magram
Sahma ser harford jonsbrijis waaqezebiT uari Tqva molaparakebaze.
samwuxarod, tormasovi yvelgan warmatebuli iyo, garda saqarTveloSi.
1810 wels saqarTvelos ukanaskneli patriarqi gardaicvala. axa
li patriarqis asarCevad Sekrebili sinodi ruseTis samxedro raz
mebma daarbies da ori qarTveli mitropoliti mokles da ojaxs `erT
morwmune~ eklesiam gvamebic ar daubruna (imedia, ucnob adgilas,
magram damarxes mainc). damoukidebloba eklesiisa, romelsac arabebi,
monRolebi, sparselebi da Turqebic pativs scemdnen, `moZme~ eklesiam
gaauqma.
127
saqarTvelosTvisa da ruseTis umZimesi mdgomareobisda miuxedavad
iranis da TurqeTis armiis damarcxeba kavkasiaSi rusi jarisa da
qarTulsomexi partizanebis mier napoleonis Semosvlisas da moskovis
aRebis drosac 1812 wels ar gaCerebula. es uzarmazari msxverplis da
simamacis xarjze xdeboda. irani da TurqeTi sasowarkveTil situaciaSi
aRmoCndnen, vinaidan evropaSi didi omis miuxedavad, rusulqarTul
somxuri jarebi warmatebuli iyvnen. mxolod ucxourma Carevam SeZlo
TurqeTiranis gadarCena.
ingliselebisa da frangebis mier iranisa da TurqeTis
urTierTbrZolis mxardaWera
dasavleTis emisrebi kavkasiaSi ukve 1801 wlidan gansakuTrebiT
gaaqtiurdnen. upirveles yovlisa, inglisi cdilobda daecva indoeTis
mimarTuleba iranis Sahis gaZlierebiT ruseTsafrangeTis gavlenis
sapirispirod. britanelebi daexmarnen iranis Sahs, daesva avRaneTis
mmarTveli, romelmac SeaCera indoeTze galaSqrebis muqara. ingliselma
elCma malkolma Ambassador Malcolm gadaixada 2 milioni rupia Sahisa
da elitis mosaqrTamad. gasakviri ar aris, rom fat ali Sah yajars
1
Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar hyavda 300 coli, 700 sayvareli, 200 Svili da 600
SviliSvili. Sahma seriozuli samxedro mxardaWera mosTxova ingliss,
magram 1805 wels ingliss Tavad sWirdeboda ruseTis daxmareba evropaSi
antinapoleonis saqmeebisaTvis. britanelma diplomatebma sixaruliT
auwyes mefe aleqsandres sasiamovno ambavi, rom britaneTma Sewyvita
antirusuli aqtiuroba kavkasiaSi. inglisisgan zurgis gamagrebis
gareSe sparseTi kvlav ganicdida damarcxebas. 1807 wels sparselebi
safrangeTis imedad darCnen.
safrangeTidan elCebi (Pierre Amédée Jaubert) iyvnen gagzavnili
sparseTSi, ris Sedegadac Sedga saidumlo SeTanxmeba somexi vaWris
meSveobiT (daud Sahnazariani Daud Shakhnazarian) napoleonsa da iranis
Sahs Soris finkenSteinis sasaxleSi Finckenstein Palace 1807 wels, sadac
aRiarebul iqna iranis uflebebi saqarTveloze, amis sanacvlod
sparseTi uflebas aZlevda frangebs indoeTisken misi teritoriiT
gaevloT. 150 inJinriTa da specialistiT dakompleqtebuli delegacia
1
harford jon brijisi `misi udidebulesobis misiis saqmis warmoebis
angariSSi sparseTis samefo karisadmi 180711 wwSi~, londoni, 1834, gv. 341,
Harford Johns Brydges `An account of the Transactions of His Majesty’s mission to the
court of Persia in 180711~, London, 1834, p 341, werda, rom fat ali Sahis 100
kaciani dacva ZiriTadad Sedgeboda qarTveli warCinebulebisgan.
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general gardanis General Gardanne xelmZRvanelobiT gagzavnil iqna
iranSi 1807 wels im mizniT, rom isini Caanacvlebdnen yvela inglisel
specialists da SeuerTebodnen momaval frangul eqspedicias
indoeTSi. Carlz nikolas fabiers Charles Nicolas Fabvier daevala Seeqmna
artileriis skola da arsenali ispahanSi Esfahān (Isfahan, Ispahan), sadac
man 1808 wlamde daamzada 20 qvemexi. ukanaskneli qarTveli mefis, giorgi
XIIs ori vaJi, aleqsandre da Teimurazi im dros iranSi imyofebodnen
da kavSiri hqondaT frangebTan. ruseTi saswrafod Seecada orives
gadmobirebas, magram aleqsandrem upasuxa, rom igi dapatiJebuli iyo
napoleonTan safrangeTSi, xolo Teimurazi xelmZRvanelobda abas
mirzas armiis artilerias azerbaijanSi, magram dabrunda saqarTveloSi
Tavis mamasTan da ZmasTan, daviTTan.
saukeTeso, frangebis mier gawvrTnili, 12 000kaciani jari
organizebuli iyo iranul eraySi, romelsac saTaveSi edga ioseb xan
gurji Josef Khan Gurji, erovnebiT qarTveli, romelmac gaikeTa kariera
da gaxda erTerTi gavleniani veziri. misma vaJma colad SeirTo fat
ali Sahis Fat’h Ali Shah 22e qaliSvili. azerbaijanSi iyo kidev erTi didi
armia, romelTac frangebi wvrTnidnen da maT xelmZRvanelobda Sahis
vaJi abas mirza, magram is ufro naklebad organizebuli da efeqtiani
aRmoCnda.
or TveSi, 1807 wlis ivlisSi, tilzitis samSvidobo xelSek
rulebaze xeli moaweres napoleonma da mefe aleqsandrem, ramac
isini mokavSireebad aqcia, da es moklevadiani safrangeTiranis
TanamSromloba dasrulda. ruseTis mefem TurqeTs wauyena ultimatumi,
rom daeTmo vlaxeTi, moldova, serbeTi da mTlianad amierkavkasia.
tilzitis samSvidobo xelSekrulebaSi, erTerT TavSi ewera, rom Tuki
TurqeTi ar daTanxmdeboda amas, TurqeTi gaiyofoda safrangeTsa da
ruseTs Soris. mxolod inglisis kidev erTxel Carevam gadaarCina
TurqeTi da inglisma gaaforma samokavSireo xelSekruleba TurqeTTan.
rac Seexeba irans, tilzitis SeTanxmebis Semdeg, generali gardani
dabrunda TeiranSi 1807 wlis dekemberSi ukve sxva amocanebiT. napoleons
survili hqonda, gaegrZelebina safrangeTsparseTis TanamSromloba
britaneTis indoeTze saboloo laSqrobis mizniT, magram amjerad
rusebis daxmarebiT. Tumca sparseTma dakarga mTavari motivacia
mokavSireobaze, saqarTvelos da azerbaijanis aRdgena ruseTisgan
arc iyo xsenebuli tilzitis xelSekrulebaSi. sparseTis Sahi kvlav
miubrunda britaneTis mrCevlebs. 1808 wels britaneTma gagzavna ori
misia iranSi – ser harford jonsbrijisi londonidan da ser jon
malkomi (Sotlandieli oficeri) kalkutadan Sir Harford JonesBrydges
from London and Sir John Malcolm from Calcutta. frangi despani, napoleonis
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