107
des Kakasus.~ man aRwera saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi eTnikurad sxvadasxva
xalxi da aRniSna zogi tomis warmoSoba. magaliTad, igi werda, rom
svanebi (an abazgebi), romlebic mdinare kodoris napirebze cxovroben,
egviptidan modian da mis droSic ki zogi axalgazrda mebrZoli
midioda iq, raTa emsaxuraT maTi ufliswulebisTvis an sulac TviTon
xdebodnen mmarTvelebi. man aRwera lazebi, rodesac isini lazikas
edgnen saTaveSi, Savi zRvis samxreT napirebze, centriT trapizonSi. is
aRwers megrelebs, kolxebisa da egriselebis pirdapir STamomavalT.
aseve imereTi warmodgenili iyo, rogorc Zveli kolxeTisa da iberiis
nawili. reinegi werda, rom imerlebi saqarTveloSi yvelaze lamazi xalxi
iyo, gansakuTrebiT ki mamakacebi. is aseve aRniSnavda, rom swored maT
miaCndaT Tavi noes STamomavlebad, romelmac wyaldidobis Semdeg daaarsa
samyaro. maT aseve sjerodaT, rom isini espaneTidan modiodnen metalis
mosapoveblad da swored amitom aqvs orive qveyanas erTi Ziri – iberia.
reinegi aRniSnavda mTis TuS (xevsur) xalxs, romelic 2000 ojaxisgan
Sedgeboda da romlebic Zalzed mamaci qristiani meomrebi iyvnen
mefis samsaxurSi da warmoadgendnen mis dacvas brZolebis dros. maTi
rwmeniT, isini `evropidan~ movidnen. marTlac, reinegis TqmiT isini
yvela sxva mezoblebisgan gansxvavdebodnen, isxdnen skamebze da eZinaT
loginebSi, rodesac sxvebi iZinebdnen da sxdebodnen iatakze (ixileT
Tavi `jvarosnebi~).
1671 wels frangma mogzaurma Sardenma aRwera Tbilisi, rogorc
ulamazesi qalaqi aRmosavleTSi. 1700 wels turneforma es qalaqi
sasaxleebis gareSe naklebad momxibvlelad aRiqva. 1795 wels Tbilisi
ukve nangrevebad iyo qceuli.
saqarTvelom da ruseTma isargebles iranis drobiTi dasustebiT,
rodesac is kvlav daipyres avRanelebma 1782 wels da 1783 wlis 24 ivliss
georgievskis traqtats moaweres xeli. termini `gruzia~ da `gruzin~
pirvelad iyo rusebis mier gamoyenebuli oficialur dokumentSi.
xelSekrulebis mixedviT, ereklem aRiara ruseTis proteqtorati
ereklesi da misi dinastiis dacvis sanacvlod. imereTis mefemac
gamoTqva survili SeerTeboda am xelSekrulebas zaviT, magram rusebi
ar dasTanxmdnen, vinaidan irRveoda quCukkainarjis xelSekrulebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli TurqeTis uflebebi imereTze.
1783 wels georgievskis traqtatis
1
xelmoweris Semdeg, 1800 kaciani
ruseTis ori batalioni polkovnik burnaSevis meTaurobiT Sevida
1
traqtatiT, piroba eZleodaT, rom erekle da misi memkvidreebi samudamod
iqnebodnen monarqebi da ruseTi ar Caereoda maT Sida saqmeebSi.
ruseTs unda daebrunebina qarTlkaxeTisTvis istoriuli teritoriebi
TurqeTidan. samwuxarod, merve punqtSi eklesiis avtokefaliis miuxedavad
saqarTvelos patriarqi daeqvemdebara ruseTis sinods, rangiT merve
adgilze tobolskis Semdeg.
108
saqarTveloSi, magram 1787 wels ruseTsaqarTvelos laSqrobis dros
ganjaSi, burnaSevma brZaneba miiRo, rom gabrunebuliyo kavkasiidan.
amave wels iwyeboda TurqeTruseTis meore omi da vinaidan ruseTis
mier saqarTvelos efeqtiani dacvis SesaZlebloba ar iyo, amjobines
muslimi mezoblebisTvis gamaRizianebeli Zalis scenidan gaqroba.
Tavidan amas hqonda Sedegi, magram male Turqebma da iranelebma
cdunebas ver gauZles da 1789 wels ieriSi miitanes saqarTveloze, xolo
ruseTi am yvelafers Soridan uyurebda. rusi diplomatebisTvisac ki
uCveulo iyo georgievskis traqtatis Semdeg aseTi Seuracxyofa.
magram ereklem muslimebTan brZola sakmaod warmatebulad
warmarTa. swored mas sTxova Sah aRa mahmad xanma Suamavloba ruseT
Tan, raTa iranSi mieRo samefo gvirgvini 1786 wels, samagierod
erekles Sehpirda mTel azerbaijanis saxanos. magram ereklem araswori
arCevani gaakeTa da daexmara mis Zmas, romelic dahpirda ruseTs
qveSevrdomobas. erekle ar daeswro aRa mahmad xanis koronacias da man
SurisZieba gadawyvita. 1791 wlisTvis man daiqvemdebara saqarTvelos
yvela mezobeli muslimi vasali. erekle kvlav iZulebuli iyo
ruseTisgan eTxova daxmareba, magram ekaterinem 1792 wels miswera,
rom ar gagzavnida saqarTveloSi damxmare jars. ruseTis oficialuri
istoriografiis mixedviT, mefe erekles Ralatis gamo, vinaidan man
xeli moawera Tavdausxmelobis xelSekrulebas TurqeTTan 1787 wels
bulgareTSi ruseTTurqeTis omis dros.
1795 wels mefe erekle iZulebuli iyo dapirispireboda qarTl
kaxeTSi 70 000 sparselis Semosevas Sah aRa mahmad xanis meTaurobiT.
erekles ultimatumi wauyenes georgievskis traqtatis denonsirebis
Sesaxeb: `Tqveno udidebulesobav, iciT rom bolo 100 Taoba
eqvemdebarebodiT irans; axla ki Tqven miejaWveT ruseTs~. amas garda,
xans piradi mizezebic hqonda, rom sZuleboda mefe erekle, radgan
aRa mahmad xanis mama mokles da misi 5 wlis vaJi daasaWurises adil
Sahis brZanebiT, romelic iyo erekle mefisa da iranSi myofi qarTuli
klanis naTesavi da axlobeli.
mcxeTa daipyres da gadawves, magram cnobili taZari gadarCa,
naxiCevanis xanis moTxovniT, rom dauSvebelia gmiri qarTveli mefeebis
saflavebis Sebilwva.
krwanisis brZolis velze 5000 qarTveli daamarcxa 35 000 iranelma.
300 aragveli am brZolaSi mamacurad daeca. aRa mahmad xanma samjer
daixia da iZulebuli gaxda ufro meti rezervisti moexmo. man daayena
Turqmenebi misi jaris ukan da ubrZana yvelas mokvla, vinc ukan
daixevda. 1795 wlis 11 seqtembers aRa mahmad xanis armiam aiRo Tbilisi
da is ukanasknelad gaanadgura. eklesiebi miwasTan iyo gasworebuli.
109
mcxovreblebi TavianT saxlebSive iyvnen amoxocili. Tbilisi
sastikad iyo dangreuli (maSindeli nangrevebi dRemdea Semonaxuli)
da mosaxleoba Seubraleblad amoJletili. magram es `carieli~
gamarjveba iyo. damxmare ruseTis batalioni gudoviCis meTaurobiT
mxolod 1 oqtombers gamoCnda, 18 dReSi Tbilisis ganadgurebidan,
da 6 oqtombers Tbilisi ganTavisuflebuli iyo. samwuxarod, qveynis
mosaxleoba ganaxevrda.
raTa aRedginaT prestiJi, 1796 wels ruseTma oficialurad gamoac
xada omi `aralegitimuri~ aRa mahmad xanis winaaRmdeg, rom daecvaT
qarTveli qristianebi. Tumca ekaterines gegma iyo agreTve daemyarebina
indoeTTan savaWro gza, riTic konkurencias uwevda britanul Zalas.
13 000 rusi jariskaci 24 wlis valerian zubovis meTaurobiT gagzavnil
iqna yajaris dasaxmareblad. ruseTis jarma datova kizliari 1796
wlis aprilSi da Tavs daesxa derbents maisSi. zubovis jarebma didi
winaaRmdegobis gareSe daipyres axlandeli azerbaijanis teritoria,
3 ZiriTadi qalaqis CaTvliT – baqo, Semaxa da ganja. noemberSi isini
ukve ganlagdnen sparseTis sazRvrebTan im ganzraxviT, rom daepyroT
iranis saxelmwifo. mTavarsardalma zubovma dasaxa gegma, romelic
imperatricam moiwona, Seteva ganexorcielebina konstantinopolze da
aeRorZinebinaT saberZneTi ruseTis proteqtoratis qveS. mofiqrebuli
iyo dedaqalaqis axali saxelwodeba cargradi an ekaterinenburgi.
magram amave TveSi, 1796 wlis noemberSi, ruseTis imperatrica
gardaicvala. mis vaJs imperator pavles (17961801) dedamisi sZulda,
radgan ekaterine apirebda moewyo wveuleba da gamoecxadebia, rom
pavles magivrad misi sayvareli SviliSvili (Semdeg imperatori
aleqsandre I) miiRebda gvirgvins. magram ekaterine insultiT
gardaicvala, sanam gancxadebas gaakeTebda. pavles sZulda ekaterines
yvela rusi generali zubovis CaTvliT, sZulda yvela rusi da
marTlmadidebeli, da jarebs ubrZana ukan, ruseTSi dabrunebuliyvnen.
1797 wels zubovis yvela dapyrobili teritoria mitovebuli iyo
vladikavkazis CaTvliT. am cvlilebam warmoSva imedgacrueba da
mtroba Zlevamosil zubovsa da sxva oficrebSi: maT Soris iyvnen is
meomrebi, romlebmac pavle mokles 5 wlis Semdeg
1
.
1
mefe pavles sxva gegmebi hqonda. hercogma giulio renato de litam Count
Giulio Renato de Litta (misi qaliSvili gaxda cnobili qarTveli generlis petre
bagrationis meuRle) gadasca imperator pavles wminda ioanes ierusalimis
hospitalierebis maltas raindebis ordenis didi masteris Grand Master
of the Knights St. Joan Jerusalem Hospitaller wodeba, rac ucnauri iyo, vinaidan
ordeni kaTolikuri gaxldaT. ordeni uZvelesi (Seiqmna tamplierebTan
erTad da monawileobda jvarosnul omebSi) da gavleniani iyo, magram 1798
Dostları ilə paylaş: |