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erekle II bagrationi kaxeTis mefe iyo
1744 wlidan 1762 wlamde da mamis, Teimuraz
IIis sikvdilis Semdeg, qarTlis da kaxeTis
mefe 1762 wlidan 1798 wlamde, ramac sami
saukunis Semdeg gaaerTiana saqarTvelo
politikurad. man kargad icoda, rom sami
ZiriTadi Zala irani, TurqeTi da ruseTi
ibrZoda amierkavkasiaSi upiratesobis
mosapoveblad. saqarTvelo iZulebuli
iyo, arCevani gaekeTebina am sami saxel
mwifodan. da arCeul iqna ruseTi. ruseTi
iyo saqarTvelos kari evropisken.
adreul wlebSi erekle iranis deda
qalqSi nadir Sahis karze izrdeboda,
sadac miiRo ganaTleba da yovelTvis ic
mev
da sparsul stilSi. 1737 wels 80 000
iranelma aiRo kandaRari. erekle batoniSvili da givi amilaxvari
xelmZRvanelobdnen 8000ian qarTul kavalerias. amis Semdeg nadirma
ganagrZo Tavisi kampania da waiyvana erekle Tavis 1000 kacian
kavaleriasTan erTad indoeTisken laSqrobaSi 173740 wwSi (Brosset, pp.
2067). gzaze sindeSi nadiri mivida svetTan, sadac iyo warwera, rac
iuwyeboda, rom sikvdili eloda, vinc am svetis miRma gaivlida. erekle
im dros 19 wlis iyo da martivad moagvara problema, brZana sveti
gadaetanaT spilos zurgze, romelic jaris win iyo. erekle Zalzed
mdidrulad daajildoves.
didi mogolis imperia ganadgurda da deli da lahori gaZarcvul
iqna. delis armias hyavda asobiT spilo, magram nadirma maT winaaRmdeg
cecxlwakidebuli aqlemebi gamoiyena. spiloebi SeSinebulebi gaiqcnen
da gadaTeles TavianTi armia. legendis mixedviT, pirveli, vinc deliSi
SeiWra iyo 19 wlis qarTveli gogia qamxaZe. Tavidan nadir Sahi ar
iyo mkacri delis mosaxleobis mimarT da miznad daisaxa princesa
colad SeerTo mis vaJs, raTa misi dinastia legitimurad aRiarebuli
gamxdariyo. magram qorwinebaze swored am mizezis gamo eTqva uari,
radgan is ar warmoadgenda samefo dinastiis ojaxs. Sahi ise ganrisxda,
rom Tavis jariskacebs ubrZana gaeZarcvaT da daerbiaT qalaqi.
gaZarcvuli qalaqis simdidre 13 000 tomriT gaitanes, koxinoris
briliantisa
1
da mogolebis taxtis CaTvliT. daaxloebiT erTi weli
1
es almasi erTi saukunis Semdeg xelSi Caigdo avRan Sahma, rodesac is
dabrunda penjabis maharajaSi, lahorSi (axla is dedofal elisabedis
gvirgvins amSvenebs).
erekle II
97
dasWirda, raTa gadaezidaT yvelaferi iranSi. iranis mosaxleoba sami
wlis ganmavlobaSi gaTavisuflebuli iyo gadasaxadebisgan. indoeTis
kampaniis Semdeg nadiri moubrunda Turqestans da daipyro buxara.
erekle xani dajildovebul iqna indoeTSi warmatebuli brZo
lisTvis (Sahisgan mdidruli saCuqrebi miiRo). ereklem miiRo samxedro
mmarTvelis tituli da miCneul iqna, rogorc nadir Sahis moswavle
sabrZolo xelovnebaSi.
uZvelesi imperiuli tradiciebis Sesabamisad, nadir Sahi ecada
daearsebina zesaxelmwifo mravali religiiT. man brZana wminda
bibliisa da Talmudis Targmna. Tumca religiuri Siitis movaleoba
aiZulebda, rom Tavs dasxmoda TurqeTs da gaeTavisuflebina baRdadi
da kerbela, man brZana pativi ecaT sunitebisTvis. nadirze amboben,
rom igi indiferentuli iyo religiebis mimarT da frangi iezuiti,
romelic misi personaluri eqimi iyo, ambobda, rom Zalzed Zneli iyo
garkveva, Tu romel religias misdevda, xolo sxvebi ambobdnen, rom igi
saerTod ar iyo religiuri.
1741 wels nadiri gaemarTa daRestanSi 100 000 kacian armiasTan
erTad, raTa Suri eZia misi Zmis sikvdilze da daedanaSaulebina
ruseTTan da TurqeTTan kavSiris gamo. derbenti man uproblemod aiRo,
magram momdevno partizanuli omis dros tyeebSi, didi danakargis
gamo ukmayofilo dabrunda. sicocxlis bolo wlebSi nadir Sahi
Wkuidan SeiSala da brZana Tvalebi daeTxaraT misi ufrosi vaJisTvis,
ivane mrisxanes msgavsad, da mogvianebiT man daabrmava mTeli misi
samefo karis msaxurni, radgan maT xeli ar SeuSales sakuTari vaJis
dabrmavebaSi. misi uaxloesi msaxurebi SeSinebulni iyvnen, radgan
ganizraxa maTi sikvdiliT dasja da amitom SeTqmuleba moawyves Sahis
winaaRmdeg. 1747 wels igi moklul iqna xanjliT dacvis ufrosis mier.
nadir Sahis imperia ganukiTxaobam moicva.
Teimurazi iranSi gaemgzavra, saidanac efeqtianad akontrolebda
situacias. adel Sahi, nadiris STamomavali, iyo swored is, vinc dagegma
SeTqmuleba da romelsac colad hyavda Teimuraz IIis qaliSvili. am
ukanasknels megobruli urTierToba hqonda metoqeebTan da gavlenis
moxdenac ki SeeZlo iranis gare da Sida politikaze, maT Soris
qarTlkaxeTis sasikeTod. somxeTis erevnis, azerbaijanis qiziyisa da
ganjis saxanoebi qarTlkaxeTis mfarvelobis qveS iyvnen. erekle IIsa
da mamamiss iranis yvela mowinaaRmdegesTan megobruli urTierToba
hqondaT da Zalzed gavleniannic iyvnen. verc erTi iraneli Sahi ver
dakanondeboda maTi mxardaWeris gareSe.
erTxel, nadir Sahis sikvdilis Semdeg, anarqiis dros, erTerTi im
Sahebidan, romlebic mxolod cota xniT ikavebdnen taxts, gaZarcvul
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iyo misi piradi mcvelebis mier. maT waiRes Sahis piradi xmali, skiptra,
gvirgvini, samefos yvela simbolo da gadavidnen Turqmen tomTan erTad
sasomxeTSi. erekle II daxvda maT somxeTSi, amoJlita yvela maTgani da
Zvirfaseuloba triumfiT dabrunda sparseTSi.
174860 wwSi Teimurazma daayena axali Sahi Sahrux afSari Shahrukh
Afshar, romelic regularulad ugzavnida mas saCuqrebs. Teimurazi
da misi vaJi erekle daniSna mTeli iranis armiis mTavarsardlad, rac
tragikulad dasrulda, roca Sahi taxtidan Camoagdes da daabrmaves
xalxis sayovelTao ukmayofilebis gamo. es ZiriTadad gamowveuli iyo
misi qarTveli favoritis rasul begis Rasul Beg Tavgasuli qceviT misi
siuzerenis haramxanaSi.
1760 wels Teimurazma gagzavna 4 000 qarTveli mxedari azad xanis
Azad Khan mxardasaWerad (warmoSobiT avRaneli
1
). erekles megobari iyo,
romelTan erTadac ibrZoda deliSi nadir Sahis meTaurobiT, iranis
samefo gvirgvinis mosapoveblad. azad xans colad hyavda qarTveli
meuRle, Teimurazis SviliSvili. rodesac igi daamarcxa qerim xan
yajarma Karim Khan Kajar, Teimurazs mouwia saqarTveloSi dabruneba
1761 wels. Teimurazs qerim xanma mosTxova, rom azad yaeni daebrunebina
iranSi, magram qarTuli tradiciebis gamo, man uari Tqva amis gakeTebaze.
1762 wels azadi dabrunda iranSi rogorc sapatio pensioneri.
1752 wlis 2 Tebervals rusul gazeTSi `sanqtpeterburg novosti~
Si daiwera Semdegi ram: `sparseTi danawevrebulia 16 provinciad,
romelTac calcalke hyavT mmarTvelad Sahebi. qarTveli princi
erekle yvelaze warmatebulia, romelsac hyavs Tavisi armia ispahanis
maxloblad da mosalodnelia, rom is gaxdes mTeli iranis Sahin
Sahi~. 22 marts rusuli `vedomosti~ werda, rom `princ erekles
miRwevebiT SeSinebuli daud Sahi gaiqca da Tan waiRo wminda oqrosgan
damzadebuli gvirgvini~. nepliuevma Neplyuev, ruseTis elCma TurqeTSi,
aRiara erekle rogorc `sruluflebiani mmarTveli~. iranSi erekles
gamarjvebebi ruseTis SeSfoTebas iwvevda, vinaidan ruseTs kavkasiaze
da saqarTveloze sakuTari gegmebi hqonda da ar iyvnen darwmunebuli,
rogor moiqceoda erekle, Tu Tavis poziciebs gaimagrebda regionSi,
miT umetes, Tu Sahad gamocxaddeboda. amitom diplomatiuri gziT
yovelnairad xels uSlidnen qarTvelebis winsvlas.
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miuxedavad im tragikuli ambebisa, rom avRaneTSi mokles qarTveli
gurgen xani Gurgin Khan, qarTvel avRanelebis saerTo interesi iyo iranis
centraluri Zalis winaaRmdeg brZola, risi Sedegic gaxldaT qarTvelebis
mier avRaneTis damoukideblobis mxardaWera da me18 saukunidan
Camoyalibebuli urTierTpativiscema.
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